【正文】 例如在輸電線兩側(cè)系統(tǒng)電勢(shì)角度擺開(kāi)情況下發(fā)生經(jīng)過(guò)渡電阻的短路就是一非線性問(wèn)題，距離保護(hù)很難正確作出故障位置的判別，從而造成誤動(dòng)或拒動(dòng)；如果用神經(jīng)西安科技大學(xué)高新學(xué)院外文翻譯 11 第 11 頁(yè) 共 11 頁(yè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法，經(jīng)過(guò)大量故障樣本的訓(xùn)練，只要樣本集中充分 考慮了各種情況，則在發(fā)生任何故障時(shí)都可正確判別。因?yàn)槿绻粋€(gè)保護(hù)單元受到干擾或計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤而誤動(dòng)時(shí)，只能錯(cuò)誤地跳開(kāi)本回路，不會(huì)造成使母線整個(gè)被切除的惡性事故，這對(duì)于象三峽電站具有超高 壓母線的系統(tǒng)樞紐非常重要。到目前為止，除了差動(dòng)保護(hù)和縱聯(lián)保護(hù)外，所有繼電保護(hù)裝置都只能反應(yīng)保護(hù)安裝處的電氣量。天津大學(xué)一開(kāi)始即研制以 16 位多 cpu 為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)， 1988 年即開(kāi)始研究以 32 位數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器 (dsp)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量一體化微機(jī)裝置，目前已與珠海晉電自動(dòng)化設(shè)備公司合作研制成一種功能齊全的 32 位大模塊，一個(gè) 模塊就是一個(gè)小型計(jì)算機(jī)。在這方面南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的集成電路工頻變化量方向高頻保 護(hù)起了重要作用，天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研制的集成電路相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保護(hù)也在多條 220kv 和 500kv 線路上運(yùn)行。 32 microputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and putation speed, very big addressing space, rich mand system and many inputs outlet. The cpu register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in cpu. The electrical power system the request which protects to the microputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data longterm storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the working by to share the entire system data, the information and the work resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the puter protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a miniputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microcomputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with plete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed the relay protection installment which Cheng Yongtong microputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially bees. This kind of equipment merit includes: has the 486pc machine plete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microputer. size and s tructure and present microputer protective device similar, the craft excellent, quakeproof, g西安科技大學(xué)高新學(xué)院外文翻譯 4 第 4 頁(yè) 共 11 頁(yè) uards against has been hot, guards against electronmagetic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. uses the std main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module wilfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, is easy to expand. Relay protection installment , puterizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. worked The puter work has bee the information age as the information and the data communication tool the technical prop, caused the human production and the social life appearance has had the radical change. It profoundly is affecting eac h industry domain, also has provided the powerful means of munication for each industry domain. So far, besides the differential motion protection and the vertical association protection, all relay protections installment all only can respond the protection installment place electricity spirit. The relay protection function also only is restricted in the excision breakdown part, reduces the accident to affect the scope. This mainly is because lacks the powerful data munication method. Overseas already had proposed the system protection concept, this in mainly referred to the safe automatic device at that time. Because the relay protection function not only is restricted in the excision breakdown part and the limit accident affects the scope (this is most important task), but also must guarantee the entire system the security stable movement. This requests each protection unit all to be able to share the entire system the movement and the breakdown information data, each protection unit and the superposition brake gear in analyze these information and in the data foundation the synchronized action, guarantees the system the security stable movement. Obviously, realizes this kind of system protection basic condition is joins the entire system each main equipment protective device with the puter work, that is realization microputer protective device worked. This under the current engineering factor is pletely possible. Regarding the general non system protection, the realization protective device puter working also has the very big advantage. The relay protection equipment can obtain system failure