【正文】 oon as it then on, westerners use knife and fork as their TraditionThe different ethnic and national historical development process may result in different history and of years of Chinese traditional culture reflected in the Chinese Confucianism, Taoism and the core of Chinese traditional culture, Confucianism produces a profound and long influence on Chinese has the traditional thought mainly emphasized “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith”.Taoists advocated “accustomization nature”, “pure” and he Buddhist is advocated “merciful Purdue beings” and “harmony”, “continued”.In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Zhongtian said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western core thought is individual sharp contrast, the western culture is a kind of “guilt” believe in god created western culture, to be selfcentered, the boundary between people is clear and they do not allow mutual individual culture contributed to western table manners without sharing a plate of Chinese love peace and quiet life in the forest, and in the dining room use cheap chopsticks as chopsticks can also reflect Chinese collective prefer to colonize in restaurants, use a knife and fork in the and fork also can reflect individual consciousness, and noble west of the use of chopsticks we can see the whole course of using chopsticks is collaborative one of them is absent, the whole work cannot be shows that collectivism is the core thought of Chinese knife and fork is born in modern industrial society, which is the production of main material is metal which shows social function of modern society, and failed to get rid of its offensive during socialization CustomCustom culture refers to the culture that formed in the daily social life and human munication activity by ethnic and differences of custom between east and west are nationalities show different ethnic culture and custom on many aspects such as greeting, thanks, flattery, apology, or making telephone example, when Chinese meet acquaintance, they always greet each other by asking “have you eaten” or “where are you going”.While in western culture, it does not belong to the greeting but a real may think “why does he ask me whether I have eaten” “does he want to invite me to have dinner”.When Chinese invited guests to have dinner, there are so many dishes on the table, but host says repeatedly “there is nothing for you” “have a potluck” and similar host also helps pick food for guests and try his best to make guests eat and drink often doubted about this is not realistic behaviour that host said there is nothing when there are so many dishes on the their meal is very simple which often with a small number of delicious vegetables when they treat just says “help yourself” and they never carry food to guest39。不同的文化遵循不同的餐桌禮儀規(guī)則?！澳燥埩藛?？”容易使人莫名其妙，甚至?xí)?現(xiàn)誤會(huì)。而主人卻往往要說“今天沒有什么好 菜招待大家”“菜做得不好，多吃一點(diǎn)” “多多包涵” “怠慢了您”之類的話。吃東西時(shí)要閉嘴咀嚼。三、從就餐氛圍上看中西文化差異中國人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜是中西餐桌禮儀最根本差異。在中國，左為尊，右為次；上 為尊，下為次；中為尊，偏為次。忌用自己的餐具為別人夾菜。西方一開始就分吃，由此衍生出西方人講究獨(dú)立，子女長大后就獨(dú)立闖世界的想法和習(xí)慣。筷子要發(fā)源于有竹子的地方。易中天先生曾經(jīng)在《餐桌上的文化》里對中西文化進(jìn)行了精妙闡釋中國文化的思想內(nèi)核是“群。用餐時(shí)，一般主人會(huì)說：“Help yourself, please!”英美人待客尊重個(gè)人意志，講究事實(shí)就是，一再問客人要不要食物或者強(qiáng)塞食物給客人，是很不禮貌的。有時(shí)善意的言談會(huì)使對方尷尬無比, 禮貌的舉止會(huì)被誤解為荒誕粗俗。請客時(shí), 年長者、主賓或地位高的人坐上座, 男女主人或陪客者坐下座, 其余客人按順序坐偏座。比如就餐時(shí)的衣著, 要遠(yuǎn)比過去隨意多了, 可著中山裝、夾克或西服等, 這也正體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)文化的變遷和發(fā)展, 這正是中西方文化融匯, 相互發(fā)生正遷移作用最好的 例證。餐桌禮儀方面的差異 飲食文化、餐具、進(jìn)餐方式以及一系列的餐桌禮儀等則反映了不同民族的社會(huì)生活樣式和文化取向。而這種“和合”的思想體現(xiàn)在烹飪上就反映為“五味調(diào)和”。而在西方, 一道菜在不同的地區(qū)不同的季節(jié)面對不同的食者, 都毫無變化。西方人總是拿著菜譜去買菜, 制作菜肴,但相比起來, 還是一個(gè)非常機(jī)械的東西, 而這導(dǎo)致了西餐的一個(gè)弊端———缺乏特色。因而他們的“色拉”有如一盤飼料, 使我們難以下咽。所以西方人即使請客吃飯，也是各點(diǎn)各的菜、各喝各的酒，以免吧自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人。不應(yīng)在進(jìn)餐中途退席。不用刀時(shí)，可用右手拿叉，但需要作手勢時(shí)，就應(yīng)放下刀叉，千萬不要拿著刀叉在空中揮舞搖晃，不要一手拿刀或叉，而另一只手拿餐巾擦嘴，也不要一手拿酒杯，另一只手拿叉取菜。它包括所有主菜后的食物，如布丁、冰淇淋、奶酪、水果等。大致可分為清湯、奶油湯、蔬菜湯和冷湯等4類。當(dāng)他人為你斟茶時(shí)，禮節(jié)上應(yīng)該用手指輕敲桌子，這樣做是對斟茶者表示感謝和敬意。為此，盡可能貯存不同品種的茶，以便照顧到客人不同的品茶需要?？赡軙?huì)提供刀具，但最好是用筷子?？腿藨?yīng)該等候主人邀請才[1]可坐下。由此可見，自古以來，中國人對飲食的重視一直延續(xù)至今。加拿大的餐桌禮儀除了以上幾種特別的要求外，大多數(shù)與其他西方國家的沒有什么差異，同樣要注意坐姿和刀叉的使用，同樣與中國的餐桌禮儀大有不同之處。加拿大人喜歡吃冷食，而中國人則有所不同，熱菜是中國飲食文化的一大特色。其中，“三不”飲食文化別有一番情趣。同時(shí)刀叉只適于近距離的傳輸，大概也就限于從胸前的盤子到嘴之間。我國的飲食文化源遠(yuǎn)流長,博大精深,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載:至少在周代,飲食禮儀已形成了一套相當(dāng)完善的制度。而筷子出現(xiàn)后，合餐就方便多了。飲酒者只能在領(lǐng)有酒牌的地方或住宅內(nèi)喝酒?？腿藗兛蔁o拘無束，如果沒吃飽，還可以去取食。中國人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人為本”。隨著時(shí)代的變遷，飲食文化正向多元化發(fā)展。必須等到所有人到齊才可以開始任何形式的進(jìn)餐活動(dòng)———即使有人遲到也要等。絕對不可吸吮筷子或把筷子插在米飯中，這是大忌，被認(rèn)為是不吉利的。當(dāng)他人為你斟茶時(shí)，禮節(jié)上應(yīng)該用手指輕敲桌子，這樣做是對斟茶者表示感謝和敬意。主菜如果是魚，開胃菜就選擇肉類，在口味上就比較富有變化。肉、禽類菜肴是西餐的第四道菜，也稱為主菜。切東西時(shí)左手拿叉按住食物，右手拿刀切成小塊，用叉子往嘴里送。用餐時(shí)打嗝是大忌。當(dāng)別人為你斟酒時(shí)，如果不需要，可以簡單地說一聲“不，謝謝！”或以手稍蓋酒杯，表示謝絕。,即“營養(yǎng)”和“美味”兩者孰輕孰重的問題。在中國人的眼里, “吃”遠(yuǎn)不單純是為了飽, 也不是為了營養(yǎng),有時(shí)吃飽了, 還要吃, 這是因?yàn)槭懿涣恕懊牢丁钡恼T惑而盡情進(jìn)行味覺享受。由于西方菜肴制作的規(guī)范化, 使其毫無創(chuàng)造性。這種重分別的社會(huì)文化同樣體現(xiàn)在用餐方式上。因此中國人烹調(diào)不是“1 + 1 = 2”那么簡單, 而是應(yīng)該等于“3”甚至更多?？偟膩碚f是西方餐桌上靜, 中國餐桌上動(dòng)。所以在中國的餐桌上依舊存在吞云吐霧、爛醉如泥的“陋習(xí)”, 盡管他們知道這有傷風(fēng)范, 但依舊不能禁絕之。當(dāng)然刀叉和筷子的用法都有各自的規(guī)矩。這種研究有利于文化的正遷移作用, 以“取其精華, 去其糟粕”, 從而促進(jìn)本民族語言、人文文化的發(fā)展。總結(jié) 所以，中西方餐桌文化差異歸根結(jié)底還是感性和理性之間的差異。其目的既然意在人情，意在血緣，則其方式禮儀，自然也就以和為貴了，因此中國人愛 聚餐、喜共食、講和合。據(jù)游修齡教授的研 究，刀叉的最初起源和歐洲古代游牧民族的生活習(xí)慣有關(guān)，他們馬上生活隨身帶刀，往往將肉 燒熟，割下來就吃。如中餐進(jìn)餐時(shí)不可玩弄筷子（把它 們當(dāng)鼓槌是非常失禮的做法），更不可以用筷子向人指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)或打手勢示意。二、從座次安排上看中西文化差異中西都講究正式的宴請活動(dòng)的座次安排。手肘不要放在桌面上，不可蹺 足。中國人一坐上餐桌，便滔滔不絕，相互讓菜，勸酒，盡情的享受山珍海味，美味佳肴。左右客人如不認(rèn)識，可先自我介紹。面對豐盛的宴席，主人會(huì)說“已經(jīng)傾其所有來招待大 家” 的話。文化無優(yōu)劣之分。s civilization and an expression of a person39。 or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around the main dishes are prepared in a decorative form either by cut or other means they will be placed facing the major guests and elder people at the table, which also embodies have gradually accepted Chinese sentimental Chinese food has always been very popular in Americans grew up frequently eating lunches with dishes like wonton soup, chow mein and fried are abundant and extensive table manners forming in the east, while there are exquisite and distinctive table manners forming in the , the trend of syncretism of table manners between east and west is mainly reflected in Chinese learning from and more western restaurants appear in many cities in Chi