【正文】 ausal 原因的，因果關(guān)系的Arrogate/Derogate/interrogate/Surrogate Fallow/Farrow/Furrow/Hallow/Harrow Huddle/Cuddle/Muddle/Puddle Hull/Husk/Hulk/Bulk/Hunk Bumble/Rumble/Fumble/Crumble/Crumple/Grumble/Jumble/Shamble Fluke/Flunk/Punk/Plunk//Pluck Daunt/Flaunt/Gaunt/Taunt Depose/Dispose/Depose/Dispose Convoke/Invoke/Provoke/Revoke/EvokeBlare/Flare/Glare Bump/Hump/Lump Dispensable/Disposable/Expendable Couch/Grouch/Vouch Babble/Dabble/Gabble Cram/Cramp/Clamp Curb/Curd/Curdle/Hurdle Gutter/Guttle/Guzzle Garble/Gamble/Gambol Meddle/Mettle/Nettle Venial/Venal/Vernal Brackish/Rakish/PuckishAmble/Ample Amiable/Amicable Alteration/Altercation Allude/Allure Approbation/Probation Barge/Badge Clam/Claim Collude/Collide Contempt/Contemplate Congenital/Congenial Corpse/Corpus Compulsion/Impulsion Declaim/Disclaim Defer/Deter Defect/Deflect Dune/Dunce Decry/Descry Derisive/Derivative Exceptional/Exceptionable Eddy/Ebb Explicit/Elicit Exude/Exult Flay/Fray Facilitate/Felicitate Filth/Filch Forge/Forage Fetid/Fetish Furtive/Fugitive Gall/Gull Gander/Grandeur Glade/Blade Gust/Gist Gush/Gash Garish/Garnish Glean/Gleam Gauge/Gouge Gallop/Gollop Glory/Gory Gravel/Grovel Howl/Growl Hovel/Hover Detour/Devour Dingy/Dinghy Feckless/Reckless Impervious/Imperious Inveigh/Inveigle Induct/Indict Cavern/Craven Heel/Heed Hook/Honk Plaque/Plague Illegible/ineligible Flaunt/Flout Pertinent/Penitent Lucid/Lurid Linear/Lineal Moor/Moon Mop/Mope Moult/Molt Marsh/Mash Odium/Opium Ogre/Ogle Ordinance/Ordnance Lathe/Lithe Perch/Parch Plumb/Plump Potable/Portable Plank/Prank Poise/Prose Perspective/Prospective Pullet/Pulley Premier/Premiere Property/Propriety Profound/Propound Prologue/Prorogue Potent/Portent Persecute/Prosecute Prescribe/Proscribe Prelude/Preclude Purlieu/Milieu Nostrum/Rostrum Imperil/Imperious Numinous/Luminous Lore/Mores Lavish/Ravish Rubble/Rumble Reputable/Refutable Timber/Timbre Salient/Sapient Scurry/Scurvy Scuffle/Scuttle Shimmer/Glimmer Sliver/Silver Sober/Somber Sumptuous/Presumptuous Shear/Sheaf Spacious/Specious Stem/Stern Starch/Stanch Swindle/Dwindle Suggestible/Suggestive Sweltering/Welter Strew/Stew Stifle/Strife Sever/Severe Scuff/Cuff Torrid/Torpid Vassal/Vessel Vocation/Vacation Wraith/Wrath fascia 飾帶 fascine 捆柴 fasciate 用帶捆住的 fascinate 迷惑,迷住fast 絕食fastness 要塞,城堡fallow 休耕的土地 farrow 母豬生小豬feckless 無(wú)氣力的, 沒(méi)精神的, 軟弱的, 無(wú)用的。又如“打門(mén)”的“打”（動(dòng)詞）和“打今天起”的“打”（介詞）是同 音詞，不是兼類(lèi)詞，兩個(gè)“打”在意義上沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。例Ｃ的“傳”念陽(yáng)平，聲母為ch，是動(dòng)詞，例Ｄ的“傳”念去聲，聲母為zh，是名詞。Ｂ、走是可以的。例Ｄ“不走”是主語(yǔ)，“走”受“不”修飾，例Ｅ“走小路”是賓語(yǔ)，“小路”是“走”的賓語(yǔ)。例如，hand的詞義多達(dá)五個(gè)：He was walking with a book in his hand.（手）；The hand of the clock goes around?（指針）；He is a good hand at games.（有某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人）；He writes a good hand.（字跡，手跡）；The sculpture of Lei Feng shows a master hand.（手藝，技能）。當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞剛出現(xiàn)時(shí)，只被賦予一個(gè)詞義，即原始詞義。如今cheater只保留了“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”的意思，這與其原始詞義大相徑庭。有些同形異義詞在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的最初階段由于來(lái)自不同的詞源，發(fā)音也不同，但后來(lái)在語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，尤其是在經(jīng)歷了“元音大轉(zhuǎn)變”之后偶然匯合成同形異義詞。問(wèn)題是，當(dāng)遇到兩個(gè)音和形完全相同的單詞時(shí)，如何判斷它們是多義詞的兩個(gè)詞義還是同形異義詞呢？在這種情況下，只能從詞源學(xué)和相關(guān)原則來(lái)辨別。相反，有人把彼此毫不相干的詞義認(rèn)為是多義詞的不同詞義，如上文所提到的ear（耳朵；谷穗），從詞源角度應(yīng)該是同形義異詞，但現(xiàn)在卻被許多人認(rèn)為是多義詞。例如Are you engaged？這個(gè)句子，由于engaged的多義性，可以至少有兩種解釋?zhuān)骸澳忝?？”和“你訂婚了嗎？”選擇哪一種應(yīng)視具體語(yǔ)境而定。由以上分析我們不難看出，多義詞和同形異義詞貌似相同，實(shí)則不同。（2）黃鶯鳴翠柳，紫燕剪春風(fēng)?！洞核肌罚捍猴L(fēng)多可太忙生，長(zhǎng)共花邊柳外行。郵票上印著（各種精美的圖案），內(nèi)容（十 分豐富）。杜甫又被人們稱為（詩(shī)圣），我還知道（《春夜喜雨》）、（《絕 句二首》）、（《江畔獨(dú)步尋花》）也是他寫(xiě)的。我一邊跳繩一邊數(shù)數(shù)。(落下)ɡǔ(骨干)骨 ɡū(骨朵兒)f232。(到處)sā(撒嬌)鉆 zu224。(數(shù)學(xué))chōnɡ(沖浪)藏 z224。改轉(zhuǎn)(車(chē)票等)vary vi.(一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng),變化 v.(=surprise greatly)使愕然astonish v.(對(duì)無(wú)法理解、解釋之事的)震驚 surprise (問(wèn)題),接(電話),(對(duì)敲門(mén)等的)答應(yīng)reply v.(正式、書(shū)面的)答復(fù)~ that…, ~ to …respond vi.(口頭或行動(dòng)上的)響應(yīng),反應(yīng)~ to n.(與某職業(yè)相關(guān)的)儀器、器械appliance n.(常~s)電器equipment n.(不可數(shù))設(shè)備,裝備implement n.(大型)工具,(農(nóng))具,器具instrument ,樂(lè)器 ,明顯的(←appear)distinct ,清楚的(→distinctive)evident ,顯然的(←evidence)obvious vi.(事物)出現(xiàn)arise v.(問(wèn)題等)出現(xiàn)emerge vi.(從…冒出)~from…h(huán)appen ,碰巧occur ,想起~to do place vi.(依據(jù)安排等)進(jìn)行,發(fā)生