【正文】
,肥胖與厚壁菌門的增加以及相對低富足的擬桿菌門有關(guān)[2531]。如何有效、持久地維持腸道微生態(tài)平衡,促進(jìn)益生菌在腸道內(nèi)保持一定優(yōu)勢,成為當(dāng)今研究的重要方面。使用的雙歧桿菌、乳桿菌等微生態(tài)制劑,可補(bǔ)充被抗生素殺滅的腸道正常菌群,糾正腸道菌群失調(diào)比例。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)健康志愿者在服用Bifidobacterium longum 2C后對腸道健康并沒有產(chǎn)生不良影響[45,46]。另一方面,根據(jù)腸道微生態(tài)區(qū)的微生物的變動,建立起人體健康的變化與微生物活動的關(guān)系,為日后發(fā)展具有靶效應(yīng)的藥物或定量定性使用微生態(tài)制劑而提供指標(biāo)。可以分子生物學(xué)的前沿技術(shù),有目標(biāo)地改造菌株的遺傳特性,同時(shí)可以結(jié)合酶工程等技術(shù),控制菌株的代謝過程,獲得我們所需要的菌株和產(chǎn)品。通過對已有菌種的優(yōu)化或開發(fā)新菌種,從源頭解決微生態(tài)制劑目前存在的不穩(wěn)定等問題;通過制作工藝的創(chuàng)新,提高產(chǎn)品中的有效菌株或其代謝物的活性;針對不同的制劑以及不同需求的人群,對微生態(tài)制劑的劑型進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,使得微生態(tài)制劑能直達(dá)目標(biāo)部位,直接高效地發(fā)揮作用。 5361.[10] 殷燕, 董蕾. 腸道微生態(tài)與腸易激綜合征[J]. 國際消化病雜志, 2006, 26(1): 4345.[11] Frank DN, St Amand AL, Feldman RA, et al. Molecularphylogenetic characterization of microbial munity imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases [J]. Proc Natl A cad Sci USA, 2007,104: 1378013785.[12] 張亮,徐艷春,李曉平,等. 腸道微生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及其宿主的協(xié)同進(jìn)化. 現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展,2010,10(1):168172.[13] Matsuki T, Watanabe K , Fujimoto J, et al. Use of 16S rRNA genetargeted groupspecific primers for realtime PCR analysis of predominant bacteria in human feces [J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2004, 70: 72207228.[14] Sans Y, Santacruz A, De Palma G.. Insights into the Roles of Gut Microbes in Obesity [J]. Interdiscipl Perspect Infect Dis, 2008. doi:[15] Zoetendal EG., Akkermans AD,de Vos WM. Temperature gradientgel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and hostspecific munities of actine bacteria[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998, 64: 38543859.[16] Heilig HGHJ, Zoetendal EG, Vaughan EE, et al. Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. And other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2002, 68: 114123.[17] Palmer C. Development of the human infant intestinal microbiota [J]. PloS Biol, 2007, 5: 15561573.[18] 遲明,李靜. ,2006, 18(1):8082.[19] Kinross JM, von Roon AC, Holmes E, et al. The human gut microbiome: Implications for future health care [J]. Curr Gastroenterol Reports, 2008, 10(4):396403.[20] Cani PD, Delzenne NM. The gut microbiome as therapeutic target [J]. Pharmacol Ther, 2011, 130(2): 202212.[21] 秦環(huán)龍, 梁勇. 腸道微生態(tài)變化及臨床應(yīng)用[J]. 中國普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2011, 18(12): 12371241.[22] O’Hara AM,Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ [J]. EMBO Rep, 2006, 7(7): 688693.[23] 付四海,李雄彪,崔云龍. 腸道微生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在腸癌防治中的研究進(jìn)展. 中國微生態(tài)學(xué)雜志,2007,19(1):102104[24] VijayKumar, M. et al. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking Tolllike receptor 5. Science, 2010, 328, 228231.[25] Qin, Junjie。16