【正文】 s. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 49 Gender Differences in Communication (continued) ? The differences in munication styles between men and women almost always reflect negatively on women and place them in a onedown position. ? Need to recognize that people have different linguistic styles and to be flexible and adjust your style to any given situation. Copyright 169。cor to “profile” the identity and status of office occupants. Copyright 169。 and – a lack of fidgeting and nervous activity. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 31 Cons of the Grapevine ? The grapevine can bee a problem when it bees a constant pipeline for rumours. ? A rumour is an unverified belief that is in general circulation. ? Because people cannot verify the information as accurate, rumours are susceptible to severe distortion as they are passed from person to person. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 23 How Good Is ManagerEmployee Communication? (continued) – The employee’s skills and abilities. – The employee’s performance and obstacles to good performance. – The manager’s leadership style. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 15 Deficiencies in the Chain of Command ? The formal chain of mand is an inplete and sometimes ineffective path of munication. ? Managers need to consider: – Informal munication – Filtering – Slowness Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 7 A Model of the Communication Process and an Example ? Thinking – Purchasing manager thinks, “I think we’re getting short on A40s.” ? Encoding – Purchasing manger keyboards memo to assistant requesting that he/she order A40s. ? Transmitting – Purchasing manager sends memo by . Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Define munication and explain why munication by the strict chain of mand is often ineffective. 2. Discuss barriers to effective manageremployee munication. 3. Explain the anizational grapevine and discuss its main features. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 10 What is Communication? (continued) ? The model demonstrates a number of points at which errors can occur. ? Effective munication occurs when the right people receive the right information in a timely manner. ? Violating any of these three conditions results in a munication episode that is ineffective. ? There are a few basic issues about anizational munication. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 18 Filtering (continued) ? Organizations often establish channels in addition to those in the formal chain of mand. ? Many managers establish an open door policy, in which any anizational member below them can municate directly without going through the chain. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 26 Barriers to Effective ManagerEmployee Communication (continued) ? The Mum Effect – The tendency to avoid municating unfavourable news to others. – It is more likely when the sender is responsible for the bad news. – The mum effect applies to both employees and managers. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 34 The Nonverbal Language of Work ? Nonverbal munication refers to the transmission of messages by some medium other than speech or writing. ? Major forms of nonverbal munication include: – Body language – Props, artifacts, and costumes Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 40 Props, Artifacts, and Costumes ? Nonverbal munication can also occur through the use of various objects such as props, artifacts, and costumes. ? Consider how the following can municate information about an individual: – Office d233。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 44 Gender Differences in Communication (continued) ? Men are most concerned about power dynamics and use munication as a way to position themselves in a oneup situation. ? Women are more concerned with rapport building, and they municate in ways that avoid putting others down. ? As a result, women often find themselves in a onedown position, which can have a negative effect on the rewards they receive and their careers. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 52 Nonverbal Communication across Cultures ? There are many differences in nonverbal munication across cultures. ? Facial expressions – People are good at decoding basic, simple emotions in facial expressions, even across cultures. – However, some cultures frown on the display of negative facial expressions. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 60 Cultural Context (continued) ? In highcontext cultures, the message contained in munication is strongly influenced by the context in which the message is sent. ? In highcontext cultures, literal interpretations are often incorrect. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 68 ComputerMediated Communication (continued) ? Highly synchronous munication, such as facetoface speech, is twoway, in real time. ? Memos, letters, and even s are essentially a series of oneway messages. ? Facetoface interaction and videoconfereing are high in nonverbal and paraverbal (., tone of voice) cues, which are absent in textbased media. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 10/ Slide 76 Basic Principles of Effective Communication (continued) ? Give Timely and Specific Feedback – When you initiate munication to provide others with feedback about their behaviour, do it soon and be explicit. – Say what was good about the person’s presentation to the client, and say it soon. Copyright