【正文】 le to use them effectively, even if he is familiar with the Five Advantages.And for this reason, a wise general in his deliberations must consider both favourable and unfavourable factors. By taking into account the favourable factors, he makes his plan feasible。 what can keep them constantly occupied is to make trouble for them。 when moving, fall like a thunderclap.When you plunder the countryside, divide your forces. When you conquer territory, defend strategic points. Weigh the situation before you move.He who knows the artifice of deviation will be victorious. Such is the art of manoeuvring.The Book of Army Management says: ‘As the voice cannot be heard in battle, gongs and drums are used. As troops cannot see each other clearly in battle, flags and banners are used.Hence, in night fighting, usually use drums and gongs。 numerical strength from pelling the enemy to make these preparations against us.Therefore, if one knows the place and time of the ing battle, his troops can march a thousand miles and fight on the field. But if one knows neither the spot nor the time, then one cannot manage to have the left wing help the right wing or the right wing help the left。 strength of weakness on dispositions.Thus, one who is adept at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances, according to which the enemy will act. He lures with something that the enemy is certain to take.By so doing he keeps the enemy on the move and then wait for the right moment to make a sudden ambush with picked troops.Therefore, a skilled mander sets great store by using the situation to the best advantage, and does not make excessive demand on him subordinates. Hence he is able to select right men and exploits the situation.He who takes advantage of the situation uses his men in fighting as rolling logs or rocks. It is the nature of logs and rocks to stay stationary on the flat ground, and to roll forward on a slope. If fourcornered, they stop。 second, the estimation of quantities。 the captured chariots mixed with ours and mounted by our men. The prisoners of war should be kindly treated and kept. This is called ‘being stronger in the course of defeating the enemy’.Hence, what is valued in war is a quick victory, not prolonged operations.And therefore, the general who understands war is the controller of his people’s fate and the guarantor of the security of the nation.CHAPTER 3 ATTACK BY STRATAGEM 謀攻篇Sun Zi said: Generally in war the best thing of all is to take the enemy’ s state whole and intact, to ruin it is inferior to this. To capture the enemy’s army entire is better than to destroy it。 when employing our forces, we must seem inactive。 the second, weather。 and the fifth, doctrine.Moral influence means the thing which causes the people to be in plete accord with their sovereign, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives and without the slightest disloyalty.Weather signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.Terrain prises grounds, high and low。 strike the enemy when he is in disorder. If he is well prepared with substantial strength, take double precautions against him. If he is powerful in action, evade him. If he is angry, seek to discourage him. If he appears humble, make him arrogant. If his forces have taken a good rest, wear them down. If his forces are united, divide them.Launch attack where he is unprepared。 the possibility of victory in the attack.Defend yourself when the enemy’s strength is abundant。 when the strike of a hawk breaks the body of its prey, it is because of timing.Thus, in battle, a good mander creates a posture releasing an irresistible and overwhelming momenturn, and his attack is precisely timed in a quick tempo. The energy is similar to a fully drawn crossbow。 when well fed, to starve him。 of the days, some are longer and others shorter, and of the moon, it sometimes waxes and sometimes wanes.CHAPTER 7 MANOEUVRING 軍爭(zhēng)篇Sun Zi said: Normally, in war, the general receives his mands from the sovereign. During the process for assembling the troops and mobilizing the people to deploying the army ready for battle, nothing is more difficult that the art of manoeuvring for seizing favourable positions beforehand.What is difficult about it is to make the devious route the most direct and to turn disadvantage to advantage. Thus, forcing the enemy to deviate and slow down his march by luring him with a bait, you may set out after he does and arrive at the battlefield before him. One able to do this shows the knowledge of artifice of deviation.Thus, both advantage and danger are inherent in maneuvering for an advantageous position.One who sets the entire army in motion with impedimenta to pursue an advantageous position will be too slow to attain it. If he abandons the camp and all the impedimenta to contend for advantage, the baggage and stores will be lost.It follows that when the army rolls up the armour and sets out speedily, stopping neither day nor night and marching at double speed for a hundred miles to wrest an advantage, the mander of three divisions will be captured. The vigorous troops will arrive first and the feeble will straggle along behind, so that if this method is used only onetenth of the army will arrive.In a forced march of fifty miles the mander of the first and van division will fall, and using this method but half of the army will arrive.In a forced march of thirty miles, but twothirds will arrive.Hence, the army will be lost without baggage train。 and in the later stage, it may be dwindled to nought. A clever mander, therefore, avoids the enemy when his spirit is keen and attack him when it is lost. This is the art of attaching importance to moods.In good order, he awaits a disorderly enemy