【正文】
科發(fā)展的過(guò)程,底下寬,頂上尖。參與當(dāng)然可以,但要適度,而且從實(shí)際來(lái)講,把教育的任務(wù)交給專業(yè)的教育者是有好處的。==================Issue11================【題目】“ All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the progress of solving the world’s most persistent social problems.”【翻譯】所有的國(guó)家都應(yīng)該支持發(fā)展一所全球性的大學(xué),它的主要目的是要讓學(xué)生們致力于解決世界上最難纏的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。 【提綱】(1) 對(duì)一個(gè)人而言,情感和智力的培養(yǎng)都很重要。因?yàn)槌橄蟮臇|西在生活中根本是看不見的。但是我們不能因此而全盤否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)的作用,對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)正確的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是去除糟粕取其精華。(比如人多,政府不得不開墾荒地,或拆除古建筑來(lái)建住宅,醫(yī)院等等。3.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的責(zé)任:The leader’s job is to build, maintain and expand the wealth, prosperity and political influence of country, district. This is his or her primary concern and those goals require them to make choices outside the bounds of morality.,也可以成為一個(gè)杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 Bill Clinton’s sex scandal with Monica Lewinsky (a White House intern),maintain extraordinary high approval rate for the job he was doing as president, adulterous affair, improper sexual relationship with, Thomas Jefferson, many believe, fathered children by one of his slaves.,光有好的道德,是當(dāng)不好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的。taste, appetite【提綱】(1)look, dress體現(xiàn)人們性格:顏色。【提綱】同意1。他是一面鏡子,照出了個(gè)人和時(shí)代的缺點(diǎn)和不足。很難想象他們都去工作,20世紀(jì)還會(huì)取得這么大進(jìn)步嗎?,教員過(guò)多投入到工作中,回降低教學(xué)質(zhì)量,可以用很多其他辦法,比如多鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生辯論分析,或者給學(xué)生獨(dú)立研究的機(jī)會(huì)等等。t think scandals will be useful in a long run. Instead, some potential harm would be inflicted..【提綱】1 承認(rèn),事情需要關(guān)注2但是,吸引關(guān)注有很多方法,丑聞效果并不好,他使得人們偏移了注意力編個(gè)歌星3給人不好的印象難以消除Clinton-LewinskyNixon Watergate結(jié)尾:Scandal is fire, brightening the person who plays with it, and then burn him just leaving a black face one cannot get rid of. So it will be sensible to get away from any scandals. If one need catch the focus and attention of the society, choosing other appropriate alternatives is wise.===================Issue 50=====================【題目】In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.course, discipline, subject, journalism, solidify, theoretical, 【翻譯】為了改善大學(xué)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量,所有的教員都應(yīng)該被要求花一定時(shí)間到學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域以外去參加和他們所教科目相關(guān)的工作。===========Issue 41================= 【題目】Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortunetelling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.nebulous authority, hysteria, resort to, crystal ball, afterlife, evil【翻譯】研究界的一些非主流領(lǐng)域,比如星象學(xué)、占卜術(shù)和意念及超自然探索,在社會(huì)中起到了很重要的作用,因?yàn)樗鼈儩M足了人們無(wú)法從主流科學(xué)獲得的需求。很多騙子,小偷小時(shí)候就是發(fā)現(xiàn)花言巧語(yǔ)就能獲得父母的喜愛,得到自己想要的東西,所以就不學(xué)習(xí),長(zhǎng)大找不到工作,就只能犯罪??上У氖?,我們還沒有學(xué)會(huì)教孩子怎么樣去建設(shè)一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)。s subtle smile, arts provide human myriad enjoyment. Thanks to these talented artists rather than the critic, they give society something of lasting value for the contemporary and descendants.(predecessor, precursor)Transmitter, introducer, sympathize with, 1.只在一種情況下創(chuàng)造了價(jià)值:批評(píng)文章本身就是藝術(shù)品The function of critic is only to explore, evaluate and transmit value but createCritic, a person who evaluates works of art, is just an introducer for the masses to realize the value of works.有了他們我們可以更好的理解,沒有他們,我們照樣可以理解。Demanding needs requirement hobby【題綱】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests of students, but it is impossible for education to satisfy every student.[開頭]The method to improve the effectivity of education has been argued for a long time. I agree partly of the author39。Standing before the sculpture Kiss of ???ROdan??, we are astonished the power of love which is presented just by stone..=======================Issue48======================48. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.觀點(diǎn):基本同意places too much emphasis on individuals的現(xiàn)實(shí),但有其原因,認(rèn)為大眾和個(gè)人在歷史事件中都是不可或缺的,承認(rèn)大眾的意義不可磨滅,但是研究個(gè)人的確是一條了解歷史的捷徑。1.社會(huì)化的確很重要(對(duì)個(gè)人 對(duì)社會(huì)):孩子的社會(huì)化確實(shí)對(duì)社會(huì)很重要。Helen Keller amp。s certain needs. But he also argues that they play a vital role in society which I cannot concede. From my angle, nonmainstream areas of inquiry may inflict some potential harm on the participants and society much more than the psychological benefits they offered and as a result, we should still trust the mainstream science.1 承認(rèn)他的功能 與作用:給人們精神支持 解答一些科學(xué)不能回答的問(wèn)題2說(shuō)明他們沒有根據(jù) 或者已經(jīng)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的 列子:21世紀(jì)地球?qū)缁蛘呤菬o(wú)法被證明 3 指出他的不足與引發(fā)的問(wèn)題 從個(gè)人:hysteria 影響他人 社會(huì):(極端化) 沒有人工作 人類滅亡4是科學(xué)改變了人類,我們還是應(yīng)該信任主流科學(xué) 不僅是理性的態(tài)度 也是一種科學(xué)精神的體現(xiàn)=================Issue 185=================自己的不錯(cuò)【題目】Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that do speaker or reformer ever could.比如Journalism,marketing,老師的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)軌蚪唤o學(xué)生很多書上沒有的東西。人們通過(guò)看電視學(xué)到的和他們讀書所能學(xué)到的一樣多。A human is a useless cripple without a memory ,and can bee someone else39。每個(gè)社會(huì)成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律,但是更重要的是,更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。(4)不同原因可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致同一個(gè)現(xiàn)象。但是即使有了最高的倫理和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也不一定當(dāng)?shù)暮妙I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,不是必要條件indispensable. 偶爾的違反道德,不妨礙他成為出色的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。2 不能因?yàn)橛袥_突就二選一. 二者都很重要。( 人們可以知道過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)minutia detail,表情,動(dòng)作movement 用攝像機(jī)記錄婚禮,可是使夫妻很多年后仍找回當(dāng)初的感覺)2但是不能因此就說(shuō)影像資料比文字資料重要,要分情況討論。而且我們不可能一直帶著攝像機(jī),但是我們可以隨身帶筆,隨時(shí)都可以記錄。每個(gè)孩子從出生就開始被教育,“知識(shí)就是力量”作為信條,除了上學(xué),還要上各種培訓(xùn)班,給孩子造成了很大的壓力,也影響了孩子的一生。不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家沒有足夠資金的支持,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)主要的貢獻(xiàn)。至于社會(huì),很容易知道有了社會(huì)的幫助,教育會(huì)得到諸多好處,如贊助,社會(huì)教育,人格塑造。確實(shí)有很多領(lǐng)域非常的細(xì)小,已經(jīng)發(fā)展到一定階段跟其他領(lǐng)域的聯(lián)系不是很大,比如宗教研究里面,再多的物理知識(shí)也沒用所以我們要看到其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)對(duì)本學(xué)科的影響,多角度,視野開闊,但是我們不能依賴于這些知識(shí)發(fā)展,必須要付出一定的 努力,以及一定的外界支持。這是任何機(jī)構(gòu)獲得成功的最好的方式:通過(guò)更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者而保持活力。如果一個(gè)公司老板,不想怎樣做出自己產(chǎn)品,而是跟著其他好的產(chǎn)品,這樣他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再市場(chǎng)中勝出。(我們過(guò)去喜歡在圣誕節(jié)用賀卡表達(dá)祝福,現(xiàn)在我們是用電子郵箱發(fā)送祝福,或者短信。所以要取得經(jīng)濟(jì)成功,要在道德,和基本習(xí)俗內(nèi),按照基本的規(guī)定。還有一些情況,你的行為受周圍社會(huì)環(huán)境,或者說(shuō)是自己民族的文化影響,去做一些事情。新手和老手 【提綱】觀點(diǎn):部分反對(duì),擁有新手精神的老手最有可能成功1. 首先,定義到底什么樣的是beginner,是接觸的時(shí)間短,還是接觸的程度淺,應(yīng)該是后者,因?yàn)橛行┤穗m然接觸的時(shí)間短,但學(xué)習(xí)高效,實(shí)際上已經(jīng)是expert。貧窮的國(guó)家,他們的人民在經(jīng)歷饑荒,他們不可能,也不能花金錢去保護(hù)瀕臨物種。應(yīng)為人們以前了解旅游的途徑很少,所以人們不大可能跑很遠(yuǎn),比如出國(guó)去旅游。所以,態(tài)度是把沒有代表性的拆了,盡可能保留有代表性的,只有在實(shí)在迫不得已時(shí),再拆。這不是對(duì)歷史的不負(fù)責(zé)任,而是一種向前看的態(tài)度。 能源危機(jī)energy crisis 環(huán)境污染 疾病流行 SARS,預(yù)期的災(zāi)難完全可能是災(zāi)難性的,印度洋的海嘯 Indonesia, tsunami, 15 thous