【正文】 often refers to both the process by which the munication is created and the products which are generated.Common uses of graphic design include magazines, advertisements, product packaging and web design. For example, a product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes and color which unify the piece. Composition is one of the most important features of graphic design especially when using preexisting materials or diverse elements.Graphic Design spans the history of humankind from the caves of Lascaux to the dazzling neons of Ginza. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of visual munication in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is sometimes a blurring distinction and overlapping of advertising art, graphic design and fine art. After all, they share many of the same elements, theories, principles, practices and languages, and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design, “the essence is to give order to information, form to ideas, expression and feeling to artifacts that document human experience.”During the Tang dynasty (618–906) between the 4th and 7th century . wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book.In late 19th century Europe, especially in the United Kingdom, the movement began to separate graphic design from fine art. Piet Mondrian is known as the father of graphic design. He was a fine artist, but his use of grids inspired the modern grid system used today in advertising, print and web layout.In 1849, Henry Cole became one of the major forces in design education in Great Britain, informing the government of the importance of design in his Journal of Design and Manufactures. He organized the Great Exhibition as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.From 1892 to 1896 William Morris39。事實(shí)證明：報(bào)廢的產(chǎn)品拆卸后，經(jīng)分析，其中材料在改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)后可重用和經(jīng)翻新后可重用的比例可以提高。從材料方面要考慮：原材料的存量和可再生性，獲取材料時(shí)的環(huán)境能源的消耗與污染，后續(xù)加工時(shí)環(huán)境材料的易加工性，低能耗性、低污染性，報(bào)廢時(shí)的可回收性。實(shí)現(xiàn)目前利益與長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益的統(tǒng)一，為子孫后代留下發(fā)展空間?！翱沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展設(shè)計(jì)”這一概念的提出，對(duì)于人性的回歸及世界真正意義上的發(fā)展具有劃時(shí)代的意義?？偠灾?，人類(lèi)生活的環(huán)境已經(jīng)日益惡化。溫室效應(yīng)的后果十分嚴(yán)重，自然生態(tài)將隨之發(fā)生重大變化，荒漠將擴(kuò)大，土地侵蝕加重，森林退向極地，旱澇災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重，雨量增加；溫帶冬天更濕、夏天更旱；熱帶也將變得更濕，干熱的亞熱帶變得更干旱，迫使原有水利工程重新調(diào)整。視錐卻與視桿恰恰相反。石料，用于光刻。從早期的照明網(wǎng)頁(yè)手工復(fù)制書(shū)籍的中世紀(jì)和程序，以錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)代雜志和目錄布局，適當(dāng)?shù)木W(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)公司長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是考慮的印刷材料，與印刷媒體，內(nèi)容通常包括類(lèi)型（文字 ，圖片（照片）偶爾發(fā)生持有者圖形的內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有印刷油墨，如模具/激光切割，燙金壓印或盲目壓花。平面設(shè)計(jì)原則可以適用于每一個(gè)人的版畫(huà)藝術(shù)元素，并最終組成。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)，信息與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的交互式設(shè)計(jì)的工具，如Adobe和Flash正越來(lái)越多地被用來(lái)說(shuō)明的背景新聞。這些出版物已布局理論設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明和圖表。約瑟夫米勒，羅克曼，設(shè)計(jì)的海報(bào)嚴(yán)重尚未獲取1950年代和1960年代時(shí)代典型。他們首創(chuàng)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和文體設(shè)備，主要用于整個(gè)二十世紀(jì)。 誰(shuí)創(chuàng)造了最初的“平面設(shè)計(jì)”似乎存在爭(zhēng)議。蒙德里安稱(chēng)為父親的圖形設(shè)計(jì)。組成的一個(gè)最重要的特點(diǎn)，尤其是平面設(shè)計(jì)在使用前現(xiàn)有材料或不同的元素。采用多種方式相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造和符號(hào)，圖像和語(yǔ)句創(chuàng)建一個(gè)代表性的想法和信息。廣告藝術(shù)的最終目標(biāo)是出售的商品和服務(wù)。他組織了大型的展覽作為慶祝現(xiàn)代工業(yè)技術(shù)和維多利亞式的設(shè)計(jì)。在20世紀(jì)20年代，蘇聯(lián)的建構(gòu)主義應(yīng)用于“智能生產(chǎn)”在不同領(lǐng)域的生產(chǎn)。移居國(guó)外的德國(guó)包豪斯設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院于1937年到芝加哥帶來(lái)了“大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)”極簡(jiǎn)到美國(guó)。設(shè)計(jì)還可以通過(guò)理念或有效的視覺(jué)傳播幫助銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品。平面設(shè)計(jì)是應(yīng)用在娛樂(lè)行業(yè)的裝飾，景觀和視覺(jué)故事。在一本雜志的文章或廣告，往往是平面設(shè)計(jì)師或藝術(shù)總監(jiān)將委員會(huì)攝影師或插圖創(chuàng)建原始文件只是被納入設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃。這項(xiàng)安排的類(lèi)型是選擇字體、大小、線長(zhǎng)、主要的（行距）和文字的間距。版畫(huà)是在紙上，其他有機(jī)材料或者表面上印刷藝術(shù)品的過(guò)程。打印也可編制成冊(cè)，作為藝術(shù)家的書(shū)籍。作為工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師，應(yīng)該有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)，使得自己的設(shè)計(jì)建立在不破壞環(huán)境及節(jié)約自然資源的基礎(chǔ)上。臭氧層破壞現(xiàn)象引起科學(xué)界及整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的震動(dòng)。于是給設(shè)計(jì)師們提出了一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的問(wèn)題：作為設(shè)計(jì)師，應(yīng)肩負(fù)起保護(hù)環(huán)境的歷史重任！工業(yè)在為人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造大量物質(zhì)財(cái)富的同時(shí)，也給世界帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難。它是社會(huì)進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，環(huán)境保護(hù)三者之間的協(xié)同。綠色設(shè)計(jì)著眼于人與自然的生態(tài)平衡關(guān)系，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的每一個(gè)決策中都充分考慮到環(huán)境效益，盡量減少對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞。從產(chǎn)品的使用階段考慮：使用中的能耗、資源消耗。中國(guó)鋼產(chǎn)量的25％是由廢鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的。intellectual producti