【正文】 s of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the . also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started its “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year39。s to 196039。 American ideals, 7. individuals, 8. New Year’s Day。 Canada 4. 1607 5. 12 6. winnertakeall。 Michigan。s goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “l(fā)east mon denominator”, meaning the teacher gives attention to the slower learners while the brighter students bee bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves mainstreaming, a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one II. Explain the following terms 1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troops were sent to the colonies to help taxcollectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule. 2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors, they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American twoparty system. If the candidates of a party for “electors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that state. This system is known as the “winnertakeall” principle. 3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into three branches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people39。 Christmas Ev