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基于at89s52單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì)(更新版)

  

【正文】 送器就是利用壓電逆效應(yīng)的原理。已發(fā)明設(shè)計(jì)并制成了許多類(lèi)型的超聲波發(fā)生器,機(jī)械方式和電氣方式產(chǎn)生超聲波發(fā)生器。頻率高于20000HZ的機(jī)械波稱(chēng)為超聲波,頻率低于20Hz的機(jī)械波稱(chēng)為次聲波。這說(shuō)明渦街流量傳感器的非線性誤差是其檢測(cè)機(jī)理所決定的。如圖1—1所示。 國(guó)內(nèi)風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的現(xiàn)狀我國(guó)超聲波渦街流量計(jì)的生產(chǎn)亦有飛速發(fā)展,到目前為止全國(guó)生產(chǎn)廠已多達(dá)數(shù)十家,這種生產(chǎn)熱潮國(guó)外亦未曾有過(guò)。國(guó)外早在1878年斯特勞哈(Strouhal)就發(fā)表了關(guān)于流體振動(dòng)頻率與流速關(guān)系的文章,斯特勞哈數(shù)就是表示旋頻率與阻流體特征尺寸、流速關(guān)系的相似準(zhǔn)則。此外在環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域,流量測(cè)量?jī)x表也扮演著重要角色。(3) The output signal from fluid properties (temperature, humidity, pressure, position, density, viscosity, mineral dust, etc.) sensors in coal mine safety monitoring system has wide application prospects.Key words: wind speed measurement。s poles plus pulse signal, the frequency is equal to the natural oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric chip, the piezoelectric resonance occurs, and promote the vibration of ultrasonic resonance board, then it is an ultrasonic generator。F、S為一對(duì)諧振頻率相同的超聲波換能器,F(xiàn)為發(fā)射換能器,發(fā)射145 kHz等幅超聲波;S為接收換能器,接收被旋渦調(diào)制了的聲波。超聲波換能器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)在下文中有介紹,它有兩個(gè)壓電晶片和一個(gè)換能板。單片機(jī)采用89S52或其兼容系列。華北科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 基于AT89S52單片機(jī)的風(fēng)速測(cè)量?jī)x的設(shè)計(jì)綜述風(fēng),特別是井下安全生產(chǎn)中具有重要參考意義,作為氣象環(huán)境中最活躍的因素,對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝敗,武器性能的發(fā)揮有著舉足輕重的影響風(fēng)能的利用,也要求人們對(duì)風(fēng)速資源進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)。系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)主要包括單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)及顯示電路、鍵盤(pán),溫度補(bǔ)償電路,超聲波發(fā)射電路和超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路三部分。壓電式超聲波換能器是利用壓電晶體的諧振來(lái)工作的 。超聲波測(cè)距儀的算法設(shè)計(jì) 超聲波風(fēng)速傳感器是利用穿過(guò)空氣的超聲波被旋渦調(diào)制,從已調(diào)波中檢出旋渦頻率來(lái)測(cè)定風(fēng)速的。關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)速測(cè)量;卡曼渦街;單片機(jī)AT89C52;溫度補(bǔ)償VIIThe Design of Ultrasonic Wind Meter Based on SCMSummary: Wind, especially mine safety has important reference value, as the meteorological environment, the most active factor, the victory of the war, weapons performance to play a decisive effect on the use of wind energy, wind resources also requires that there be lengthyaccurate present, the wind speed measurement apparatus main hot wire, hotfilm, and the wind cup of principle of wind speed measured several low precision, range of small, measuring cycle is long, continuous working hours, and the measurement results vulnerable to external environmental not meet the efficient, rapid and accurate modern military and long working hours, intelligent data processing, the demand for wind monitoring. This design uses piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, using AT89S52 MCU as controller to plete the ultrasonic velocity meter hardware and software language programming method used to achieve the measurement results of the calculation and can be pleted, LED digital display clear and stable, reliable measurements, range finder error is less than / s. System hardware design The hardware design includes single chip systems and display circuit, keyboard, temperature pensation circuit, ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver circuit of three 89S52 or patible with crystal with high precision in order to obtain a stable clock frequency, reducing measurement uses the 555 timer 145kHz square wave signal generated using the count of T1 port monitoring ultrasonic receiver circuit to return plastic filtered output circuit using a simple and practical four mon cathode LED digital tubes, with 74HC244 driver code segment, bit code with the PNP transistor 8550 drives. Ultrasonic transmitter Transmitter mainly by the 555 timer, 74LS123 monostable trigger circuit formed, enlarged links, and ultrasonic emission transducer T form, LM555 Multivibrator Port 3 output 145kHz square wave signal all the way through trigger circuit, amplifier circuitultrasonic transducer is sent to both ends, can increase the emission intensity adding the output coupling capacitor C4, launching drives to increase resistor R6 on the one hand can increase the output capacity of the amplification transistor, on the other hand can increase the ultrasonic transducer damping effect, shorten the time of its free oscillations.Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonance to the internal structure of ultrasonic transducers are introduced below, it has two chips, and a piezoelectric transducer it39。(2) The output itself is a linear relationship between wind velocity and pulse frequency signals, no zero drift, and the sensor sensitivity change would not directly affect output, high accuracy。 利用超聲波風(fēng)速流量計(jì)來(lái)測(cè)量生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的重要參數(shù)風(fēng)速,特別是使井下通風(fēng)量得到保證,保證安全生產(chǎn)。超聲波流量計(jì)雖然在70年代才出現(xiàn),但由于它可以制成非接觸型式,對(duì)流體又不產(chǎn)生擾動(dòng)和阻力,所以很受歡迎,是一種很有發(fā)展前途的流量計(jì)。附加的旋渦干擾了渦街信號(hào),降低了信噪比;二是準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量小流量,因?yàn)樾×髁克a(chǎn)生的橫向升力較小,檢測(cè)信號(hào)非常微弱,易受流體沖擊振動(dòng)噪聲和管道振動(dòng)噪聲的影響,存在一個(gè)量程下限死區(qū),從而造成量程比受限,小量不能測(cè)量。即在流動(dòng)的流體中放置一個(gè)非流線型的對(duì)稱(chēng)形狀的物體(渦街流量傳感器中稱(chēng)之為旋渦發(fā)生體),就會(huì)在其下流兩側(cè)產(chǎn)生兩列有規(guī)律的旋渦即卡門(mén)渦街,其旋渦頻率正比于來(lái)流速度。即不同的流速下具有不同的流速分布,進(jìn)而說(shuō)明了渦街流量傳感器檢測(cè)到的主要反映旋渦發(fā)生體兩側(cè)的流速與管道平均流速的關(guān)系不是唯一確定的。在這一頻率范圍內(nèi)的震動(dòng)稱(chēng)為聲振動(dòng),聲振動(dòng)激起的縱波稱(chēng)為聲波。人們?yōu)檠芯亢蛻?yīng)用超聲波。而壓電材料有單晶體的、多晶體復(fù)合的,如石英單晶體、欽酸鋇壓電陶瓷,錯(cuò)欽酸鉛壓電陶瓷復(fù)合晶體等。反之,如果兩電極間未外加電壓,當(dāng)共振板接收到超聲波時(shí),將壓迫壓電晶片作振動(dòng),將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào),這時(shí)它就成為超聲波接收器了。在構(gòu)成測(cè)量系統(tǒng)時(shí)一般設(shè)置選頻電路。下圖25就是超聲波傳感器的指向圖。 超聲波測(cè)距時(shí)工作過(guò)程如下:(1) 由LM555定時(shí)器發(fā)出140KHz脈沖串。圖32 AT89S52內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)圖下面簡(jiǎn)要介紹其主要性能??臻e模式下,CPU停止工作,允許RAM、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器、串口、中斷繼續(xù)工作。程序校驗(yàn)時(shí),需要外部上拉電阻。作為輸入使用時(shí),被外部拉低的引腳由于內(nèi)部電阻的原因,將輸出電流(IIL)。P3口亦作為AT89S52特殊功能(第二功能)使用,如表 32 所示。在flash編程時(shí),此引腳(PROG)也用作編程輸入脈沖。當(dāng)AT89S52從外部程序存儲(chǔ)器執(zhí)行外部代碼時(shí),PSEN在每個(gè)機(jī)器周期被激活兩次,而在訪問(wèn)外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí),PSEN將不被激活。 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)及復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì)如圖33,是本設(shè)計(jì)采用的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)及復(fù)位電路。這里是在VCC與RESET引腳之間接入一個(gè)按鍵S1,按鍵按下是RESET置高,單片機(jī)復(fù)位。3. 跳線JUMPER。單片機(jī)的P2 ~ 用于選通數(shù)碼管的各位,P0 口用于數(shù)碼管各位的段選通。3. 脈沖信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)NPN型9013三極管放大后激勵(lì)超聲波發(fā)射器F 。期間,放電三極管T導(dǎo)通,電容C通過(guò)放電。(NPN9013型) 2. 求電壓增益: (35)本設(shè)計(jì)中采用參數(shù)Rb(R4)=510K Ohm,RL(R5)=RC(R6)=5K Ohm C2(C4)=4 uF求得 超聲波發(fā)射換能器TCT4012T壓電陶瓷超聲波傳感器TCT4012T主要性能如下:1) 標(biāo)稱(chēng)頻率(KHz):145KHz2) 發(fā)射聲壓at10V(0dB=):≥112dB3) 接收靈敏度at 145KHz (0dB=V/ubar):≥70dB4) 靜電容量at1KHz,1V (PF):2000177。6. R13,R14,R15,C10組成電壓比較器,為施密特接法,帶有上拉電阻R15。比較器在信號(hào)變換、檢測(cè)和波形產(chǎn)生電路中有廣泛應(yīng)用。為此可對(duì)比較器施加正反饋,以提高轉(zhuǎn)換速度。18V;消耗電流小, ICC=;輸入失調(diào)電壓小, VIO=177。 。 平面型幅度微小, 觸感較弱, 但工藝簡(jiǎn)單, 壽命長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)按鍵數(shù)目較少、I/O口不是很緊張的情況下可以采用獨(dú)立式接法。 具體程序如下:YUNSUAN1 EQU 7AH YUNSUAN2 EQU 7BH JS1 EQU 7EH JS2 EQU 7FH ORG 0000H LJMP START ORG 0003H LJMP INT0 ORG 000BH LJMP T0 ORG 0040H。主程序。設(shè)計(jì)中T1采用計(jì)數(shù)功能,需要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是,輸入的待測(cè)時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的頻率最高可以達(dá)到460800Hz,但計(jì)數(shù)器最多只能計(jì)數(shù)65536次,顯然需要對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)單元進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,擴(kuò)展的思路是除了計(jì)數(shù)器T1的TH1和TL1用于計(jì)數(shù)外,再選用一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)單元23H,每當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)器T1溢出回零時(shí)產(chǎn)生中斷,中斷程序執(zhí)行23H單元自增1,這樣,當(dāng)一秒到時(shí)時(shí)采集的計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)據(jù),23H單元存放的
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