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城市污水處理廠設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計(更新版)

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【正文】 標(biāo)BOD、COD、SS值為典型城市污水值。目前正用分子診斷技術(shù)進(jìn)行這些絲狀菌的生物學(xué)定位,以進(jìn)一步準(zhǔn)確了解其特性。雖然膜分離目前還存在易堵塞等方面的問題,但這些問題正逐步得到解決。日,%以上。的去除率可達(dá)95%依靠微生物之間凝聚造粒而形成的自己固定法方法。另外還有空氣驅(qū)動的生物轉(zhuǎn)盤、生物轉(zhuǎn)盤和曝氣池相結(jié)合、藻類轉(zhuǎn)盤等。這也就必然要求人們改革工藝,過去由于厭氧生物處理的效率不盡人意,處理時間也較慢,所以未引起人們的重視,僅僅用來處理污泥或高濃度有機(jī)污水的預(yù)處理,但現(xiàn)在由于能源緊張,厭氧生物處理由于能產(chǎn)生能源物質(zhì)—甲烷而越來越引起人們的青睞,由此也出現(xiàn)了許多新的工藝。生物處理法是目前研究得較多、新技術(shù)層出不窮的方法,d),水力停留時間1~2h;以硝化(90%以上)為主的工藝,~(m3氧化溝一般不設(shè)初沉池,負(fù)荷低,耐沖擊,污泥少。h)。④二是脫氮,缺氧段要控制DO這種一體化工藝的特點是工藝簡單,由于只有一個反應(yīng)池,不需二沉池、回流污泥及設(shè)備,一般情況下不設(shè)調(diào)節(jié)池,多數(shù)情況下可省去初沉池,故節(jié)省占地和投資,耐沖擊負(fù)荷且運(yùn)行方式靈活,可以從時間上安排曝氣、缺氧和厭氧的不同狀態(tài),實現(xiàn)除磷脫氮的目的。AB法盡管有節(jié)能的優(yōu)點,但不適合低濃度水質(zhì),A級和B級亦可分期建設(shè)。① 當(dāng)前流行的污水處理工藝有:AB法、SBR法、氧化溝法、普通曝氣法、A/A/O法、A/O 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 開 題 報 告 題目:120000m3/d城市污水處理廠設(shè)計 完成期限: 2014年2月1日至 2014年6月1日 學(xué)院名稱 環(huán)境工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級 環(huán)境11002 一、課題本次設(shè)計的課題為日處理污水量為120000m3/d城市污水處理廠的設(shè)計。 國內(nèi)外的城市污水處理水平 1.關(guān)于活性污泥法二級池子F/M(污染物量與微生物量之比)不同,形成不同的微生物群體?,F(xiàn)在又開發(fā)出一些連續(xù)進(jìn)水連續(xù)出水的改良性SBR工藝,如ICEAS法、CASS法、IDEA法等。A/A/O法的可同步除磷脫氮機(jī)制由兩部分組成:一是除磷,污水中的磷在厭氧狀態(tài)下(DO),釋放出聚磷菌,在好氧狀況下又將其更多吸收,以剩余污泥的形式排出系統(tǒng)。磷放在下一步改擴(kuò)建時考慮,以節(jié)省近期投資。氧化溝在應(yīng)用中發(fā)展為多種形式,比較有代表性的有:帕式(Passveer)簡稱單溝式,表面曝氣采用轉(zhuǎn)刷曝氣,~,~(kW不設(shè)厭氧池,不具備除磷功能。kgBOD5/(m3生物處理法的新進(jìn)展因此用生物處理方法的目的也從以前能處理降解蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物等一類物質(zhì)增加到也能處理合成洗滌劑、脫氮、脫磷及其它一些難降解的復(fù)雜有機(jī)物。活性污泥法還可和化學(xué)法結(jié)合,提高凈化多氯聯(lián)苯、有機(jī)磷的去除效果。容積負(fù)荷大、不發(fā)生污泥膨脹和耐沖擊負(fù)荷等優(yōu)點。但是由于近年來能源危機(jī)及環(huán)境污染加重,厭氧生物處理由于其產(chǎn)物具有能源物質(zhì)而得到人們的重視,一大批新的厭氧生物處理法技術(shù)相繼誕生,為了提高厭氧微生物的濃度,有使厭氧微生物附著在載體表面的厭氧生物膜處理方法如厭氧生物濾池、厭氧轉(zhuǎn)盤、厭氧膨脹床、厭氧接觸氧化、厭氧檔板反應(yīng)器、厭氧流化床法,以及象上流式厭氧污泥床反應(yīng)器(UASB)的人工配水,TOCL在調(diào)控活性污泥系統(tǒng)時,不必再考慮污泥的沉降性能問題,從而使工藝控制大大簡化;②曝氣池的污泥濃度將大大提高(MLSS可以大于20000mg/L)從而使系統(tǒng)可在超大泥齡、超低負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行,充分滿足去除各種污染物質(zhì)的需要;③在同樣的處理要求下,可使曝氣池容積大大減小,節(jié)省處理廠的占地面積;④污泥濃度的提高,將要求較高的曝氣速率,因而純氧曝氣將隨著膜分離而被大量采用?,F(xiàn)在從活性污泥中已發(fā)現(xiàn)的30多種絲狀菌中,只有4種準(zhǔn)確命名及生物分類學(xué)定位,因為這些絲狀菌大部分無法進(jìn)行分離純培養(yǎng)。2)厭氧池+氧化溝處理工藝。Not the dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflation takes place primarily at the waste water water temperature is lower but the dirty mire carries higher microbial burthen is high, the germs absorbed the large quantity nourishment material, is low because of the temperature, metabolism the speed is slower, accumulating the rises large quantity is high to glue sexual and many sugar materials, making the surface of the live and dirty mire adhere to the water to increase consumedly, SVI the value is very high, being the dirty mire inflation. Cause that aim at the dirty mire inflation, can adopt the different counterplan:From the anoxia, water temperature high result in of, can enlargement tolerance or lower into the water measures to alleviate burthen, or the adequacy lowers the MLSS( control dirty mire reflux measure), making need the oxygen measures the dirty mirecarrieshigh, can increaseMLSS, toadjusttheburthen, necessity Foam problem Becauseentering totakethe greaseoflarge quantityinthewater, handling system can39。:. Current velocity is not all and the dirty mire sinks to accumulate the problem In Carrousel oxidize ditch, for acquiring its special admixture with handles result, mix with liquid must with certain current velocity is in ditch circulate generally, the lowest current velocity should should attain for an average current velocity for, doing not take place sinking acccmutetmq ~ msl spirit equipments that oxidize the ditch is general to turn to brush for the spirit of to turn the dish with the spirit of , turning to brush of immerse to have no depth for 25 0 ~300 mms, turn the dish immerse to have no depth for 48039。Difference from fourpart the choice pond that cent constitute with !X oxygen outside is a Carrousel to have three spirit machine with a prepare versa nitric turn the pond 2000 system.( such as figure 2 show)Five is tube line that the design that the circular integral whole turn to make oxidize the ditch do not need additionally, can immediately realize dirty mire in reflux allotment in different craft unit[I7J. 6. Conclusion The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch because of having the good a phosphorus takes off the nitrogen ability, antipounds at the burthen ability with circulate to manage the convenience etc. the advantage, having got the extensive because of technological development with social advance, that craft is necessarily will exaltation getting author thinks:The carrousel oxidizes the future research direction of the ditch will now of main below several aspects. 1 Combination living creature method, research with develop the living creature model carrousel oxidize the this can not only increases the microorganism gross of the unit reactor measures, from but increases the organism carries, but also living creature oneself the inside that have places the AI the system of 0 enhances to take off the nitrogen result[IBl. 2 Increases continuously the Carrousel oxidize the microbial activity in Inside in example throw to add the EM in oxidize ditch with single mind the germ grow, throws in that the salt of Iron make the microorganism tame the live char in iron, devotion in living creature to bee the torrnation to strengthen the germ gum regiment and increases to bear the toxicity pound at etc.. 3 Increasing the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch equtpments function with supervise and control the that increases form machine, underwater propeller, reduce to maintain the workload。化工給排水設(shè)計,1997,2:16~18。中國給水排水,1997,13(3):17~19。氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行中常見問題與解決方法。微孔曝氣、Carrousel2000型氧化溝工藝處理城市污水。[18] Gillot, S.。  目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的氧化溝類型包括:帕斯韋爾(Pasveer)氧化溝、卡魯塞爾(Carrousel)氧化溝 、奧爾伯(Orbal)氧化溝、T型氧化溝(三溝式氧化溝)、DE型氧化溝和一體化氧化溝。氧化溝斷面為矩形或梯形,平面形狀多為橢圓形,~,寬深比為2:1,亦有水深達(dá)7m的。該系統(tǒng)中,BOD降解是一個連續(xù)過程,硝化作用和反硝化作用發(fā)生在同一池中。 污泥膨脹問題  當(dāng)廢水中的碳水化合物較多,N、P含量不平衡,pH值偏低,氧化溝中污泥負(fù)荷過高,溶解氧濃度不足,排泥不暢等易引發(fā)絲狀菌性污泥膨脹;非絲狀菌性污泥膨脹主要發(fā)生在廢水水溫較低而污泥負(fù)荷較高時。但最重要的是要加強(qiáng)水源管理,減少含油過高廢水及其它有毒廢水的進(jìn)入[12]。加裝上、下游導(dǎo)流板是改善流速分布、提高充氧能力的有效方法和最方便的措施。 微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)  微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)采用微孔曝氣(供氧設(shè)備為鼓風(fēng)機(jī)),微孔曝氣器可產(chǎn)生大量直徑為1mm左右的微小氣泡,這大大提高了氣泡的表面積,使得在池容積一定的情況下氧轉(zhuǎn)移總量增大(如池深增加則其傳質(zhì)效率將更高)。四是采用一體化設(shè)計,從中心開始,包括以下環(huán)狀連續(xù)工藝單元:進(jìn)水井和用于回流活性污泥的分水器;分別由四部分組成的選擇池和厭氧池。2 不斷提高Carrousel氧化溝中微生物的活性。 van Groenestijn, J. W. Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(12):
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