【正文】 **** ******************************************** 5. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHINA’S TALLEST BUILDING: THE JIN MAO TOWERSHANGHAI Words and Phrases ABSTRACT posite structural system 組合結(jié)構(gòu)體系 to resist typhoon wind / earthquake force / lateral load / gravity load 抵抗臺(tái)風(fēng) /地震力 /側(cè)向力 /重力 acmodate v. 適應(yīng) soil condition 場(chǎng)地土條件 superstructure 上部結(jié)構(gòu) reinforced concrete shear wall core 鋼筋混凝土剪力墻核心筒 posite megacolumn , outrigger truss 組合巨型柱，伸臂桁架 foundation system 基礎(chǔ)體系 steel pipe pile , reinforced concrete mat , slurry wall system 鋼管樁，鋼筋混凝土筏板，地下連續(xù)墻 temporary retention , permanent foundation 臨時(shí)性支護(hù)，永久性基礎(chǔ) THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM major structural member 主要結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件 toppedout 封頂 aspect ratio 高寬比 central, exterior 中部的，外圍的 flange wall, web wall , atrium 翼墻，腹墻，中庭 posite metal deck slab 組合樓板 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING upperstrata 上部巖層 highcapacity 高承載力 by friction 通過(guò)摩擦 be poured continuously 連續(xù)澆注 cooling pipe system 冷凝管系統(tǒng) insulating straw blanket 隔熱麥秸毯 water table, grade 水位，地面 subsoil drainage system 17 地基排水系統(tǒng) WIND ENGINEERING ultratall structure , highrise building 超高層結(jié)構(gòu)，高層建筑 address v. 這里表示“說(shuō)明，規(guī)定” wind tunnel 風(fēng)洞 construction of proximity model 構(gòu)建近似模型 aeroelastic test 氣彈試驗(yàn) 100year return wind, return period 100 年一遇的風(fēng)，重現(xiàn)期 correspond to 相 一致 serviceability design 適用性設(shè)計(jì) fundamental translational / torsional period 基本平動(dòng) /扭轉(zhuǎn)周期 principal direction 主軸方向 structural damping , mechanical damping , damping ratio 結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼，機(jī)械阻尼，阻尼比 EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING seismic loading / effect 地震荷載 /作用 sampling 樣本 response spectrum 反應(yīng)譜 time history acceleration records , time history analysis 加速度時(shí)程記錄，時(shí)程分析 govern v., controlling factor 控制，控制因素 connection 連接處 remain elastic 保持彈性 UNIQUE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS/ONSITE STRUCTURAL MONITORING redundancy 贅余度 axial shortening 軸向壓縮 pin, circular hole , slot 鉸，圓孔，滑槽 appreciably 略微 survey and monitoring 調(diào)查與監(jiān)測(cè) extensometer, displacement transducer , strain gauge, accelerometer 變形計(jì)，位移計(jì)，應(yīng)變片，加速度計(jì) measured strain versus calculated strain 測(cè)量應(yīng)變與計(jì)算應(yīng)變 correlation between theoretical and actual …… 理論值與實(shí)際值之間的關(guān)系 laser 激光 benchmark 基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn) CONCLUSIONS asbuilt 竣工 **************************************************************************************** 6. PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION THE NEED FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT time schedule, cost budget, quality requirement 時(shí)間安排，花費(fèi)預(yù)算，質(zhì)量要求 necessity n. 必需 put great emphasis on ?? 十分重視?? be profoundly affected by ?? 18 深受??影響 unremitting, desirable, imperative 不間斷的，期望的，必要的 PROJECT ORGANIZATION more or less 或多或少 be representative of ?? 代表?? be responsible for ?? 負(fù)責(zé)?? anization 機(jī)構(gòu)，組織 architectengineer, owner, owner representative, contractor, subcontractor, material and equipment dealer, agency, labor union 建筑工程師，業(yè)主，業(yè)主代表，承包商，分包商，材料和設(shè)備供應(yīng)商，代理商，工會(huì) mon objective of project pletion 完成項(xiàng)目的共同目標(biāo) overhead 企業(yè)一般管理費(fèi) THE PROJECT MANAGER initiative n. 主動(dòng) senior executive, project manager, superintendent, foreman, expediter, crew 高層行政人員，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理，主管，工頭、領(lǐng)班，調(diào)度員，全體員工 THE PROJECT SUPERINTENDENT shop drawing, record drawing 施工圖，竣工圖 JOBSITE COMPUTERS personnel 職員（集合名詞） productivity 工作效率 ASPECTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT endeavor 努力 PROJECT ADMINISTRATION jurisdiction 權(quán)限 PROJECT MEETINGS provision 條款、規(guī)定 liquidate v. 清算 bonus clauses 獎(jiǎng)金方面的條款 clear up / resolve misunderstandings 澄清 / 解除誤會(huì) Such meetings are run by ?? 這樣的會(huì)議是由??組織 obligation, mitment 義務(wù)，承諾 SCHEDULE OF OWNER PAYMENTS bond, securities 債券，證券（常用復(fù)數(shù)） APPROVAL OF THE SHOP DRAWINGS relieve sb. of sth. 減輕 sth. QUALITY CONTROL surveillance 監(jiān)督 consultant 顧問(wèn) ～ expediting, delivery, receiving, freight, disbursement, daily job log, claim 調(diào)度，發(fā)貨，收貨，貨運(yùn)，支付，工作日志，（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求 breach n. 違反、不遵守 **************************************************************************************** 7. INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION 19 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOUDATIONS－ DEFINITION AND PURPOSE superstructure, substructure 上部結(jié)構(gòu)，地下結(jié)構(gòu) demarcation 分界 soil mechanics, structural mechanics 土力學(xué)，結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué) affect v.， have an effect on?? 影響 stability 穩(wěn)定性 tolerable a.， tolerance n. 容許的，容許值 versed 熟練的，精通的 water flow 滲流 be partmentalized as?? 根據(jù)??劃分 assessment of the risk 容許風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 footing， spread footing， mat， pile， caisson （獨(dú)立）基礎(chǔ)，擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)，筏板基礎(chǔ)，樁基，箱基 FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATIONS shallow foundation， deep foundation 淺基礎(chǔ)，深基礎(chǔ) retaining structure 圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu) FOUNDATION SITE AND SYSTEM ECONOMICS nuclearplant 核電廠 reclamation n.， reclaim v. 開(kāi)墾 subsidence, settlement, total movement, differential movement P111 沉降，沉降，總沉降，沉降差 say 比如 peer review 同行評(píng)議 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF FOUNDATIONS expulsion 擠出 overturning， rotation， sliding， soil rupture 傾覆，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，滑坡，土壤破壞 FOUNDATION SELECTION enumerate v. 列舉 SI AND FPS UNITS SI units 國(guó)際單位制 **************************************************************************************** 8. INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGE ENGINEERING COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE decking 面板，橋面板 abutment, pier 橋臺(tái)，橋墩 CLASSIFICATION be classified as … , be classified into … 分類如 … (名稱 )，分為 … 類 (具體數(shù)字 ) suspension bridge, cable stayed bridge P130, cantilever bridge P128 懸索橋 , 斜拉橋 , 懸臂橋 pinconnected, riveted, welded 鉸接的，鉚接的，焊接的 determinate, indeterminate 靜定的，超靜定的 IMPORTANCE OF BRIDGES put special emphasis on?? 特別重視?? retreat, advance v. 撤退，前進(jìn) 20 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT from the point of view of ?? 從??方面 on end 連續(xù) usher in ?? 引領(lǐng)?? recordbreaking 破紀(jì)錄的 aerodynamic 氣動(dòng)力的 by virtue of 由于 STANDARD