【正文】 h Edition ? APISTD 620Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Lowpressure Storage Tanks Eleventh Edition。 ? 依據(jù)實際設(shè)備和管線失效風(fēng)險和損失 (火災(zāi)、爆炸、毒性物質(zhì)、停爐損失、是否可線上克漏， bypass操作等等 )以及大修之人力、時間和經(jīng)費來訂定設(shè)備的優(yōu)先性和檢查涵蓋範圍並據(jù)此擬定大修檢查重點規(guī)劃。 製程管線應(yīng)予以分類，以運用較多之檢查資源於較高潛在損害嚴重性的管線。 (D) 氫氣 (純度低於 80%者 )。 (D) 土壤介面處。 存有以下條件，宜輔以其他非破壞檢測 (A) 應(yīng)力腐蝕裂紋產(chǎn)生區(qū)。 (B) 內(nèi)襯或沈積物下之腐蝕。 ? 常用非破壞檢測方法：液滲檢測 (PT)、磁粒檢測 (MT)、射線檢測 (RT)、超音波檢測 (UT)、渦電流檢測 (ET)、目視檢測 (VT)、音洩檢測 (AE)等。 653), and by NB23 as suitable means for evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the equipment. ? The FitnessForService assessment procedures in this Standard cover both the present integrity of the ponent given a current state of damage and the projected remaining life. ? Assessment techniques are included to evaluate flaws including: general and localized corrosion, widespread and localized pitting, blisters and hydrogen damage, weld misalignment and shell distortions, cracklike flaws including environmental cracking, laminations, dents and gouges, and remaining life assessment procedures for ponents operating in the creep range. ? In addition, evaluation techniques are provided for condition assessment of equipment including resistance to brittle fracture, longterm creep damage, and fire damage. FitnessForService assessment procedure ? STEP 1 – Flaw and Damage Mechanism Identification: ? STEP 2 – Applicability and Limitations of the FFS Assessment Procedures: ? STEP 3 – Data Requirements: ? STEP 4 – Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria: ? STEP 5 – Remaining Life Evaluation: ? STEP 6 – Remediation: ? STEP 7 – InService Monitoring: ? STEP 8 – Documentation Applicability and Limitations of the FFS Assessment Procedures ? The FFS assessment procedures in this Standard were developed to evaluate the pressure boundaries of pressure vessels, boiler ponents, piping, and shell courses of storage tanks with a flaw resulting from single or multiple damage mechanisms. ? The concepts presented in this Standard may also be used for the assessment of nonpressureboundary ponents such as supports. ? FitnessForService procedures for fixed and floating roof structures, and bottom plates of tanks are covered in Part 2 of API 653. Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria ? Level 1 Assessment: may be performed either by plant inspection or engineering personnel ? Level 2 Assessment: would typically be conducted by plant engineers,or engineering specialists experienced and knowledgeable in performing FFS assessments. ? Level 3 Assessment: primarily intended for use by engineering specialists experienced and knowledgeable in performing FFS assessments. 結(jié)語 ?設(shè)備檢查能降低工場意外停爐的事件，但設(shè)備檢查非萬能丹，平常巡檢最重要 ?設(shè)備檢查的可靠度影響到檢查的品質(zhì)，所以專業(yè)檢查人員必頇 Qualify ?發(fā)覺設(shè)備缺失，可利用 FFS方法評估、改善、並監(jiān)控