【正文】 還原論 生命力論 有機(jī)合成 Prigogine 復(fù)雜性科學(xué) 活細(xì)胞中的化學(xué)過(guò)程是實(shí)驗(yàn)室中這些反應(yīng)的總合 Hopkins 生物化學(xué)不能還原成化學(xué) Popper 無(wú)生命的化學(xué)過(guò)程 + ? ? 生命過(guò)程 Perutz 2021/6/16 31 1937 Nobel 生理學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者 Oxidation, Energy Transfer, and Vitamins Albert SzentGyyi 2021/6/16 32 In my hunt for the secret of life, I started my research in histology. Unsatisfied by the information that cellular morphology could give me about life, I turned to physiology. Finding physiology too plex, I took up pharmacology. Still finding the situation too plicated, I turned to bacteriology. But bacteria were even too plex, so, I descended to the molecular level, studying chemistry and physical chemistry. After twenty years’ work, I was led to conclude that to understand life we have to descend to the electronic level and to the world of wave mechanics. But electrons are just electrons and have no life at all. Evidently on the way I lost life。 “ 眾里尋他千百度 ， 驀然回首 ， 那人卻在 ， 燈火闌珊處 。 必欲得之 ， 其道有二 。 Kepler的光輝成就就是一個(gè)很好的例子。 ? 臨床實(shí)踐走在醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)之前 ?危險(xiǎn)性 2021年 SCID（ severe bined immunodeficiencies)的基因治療 2021年骨質(zhì)疏松和更年期反應(yīng)的激素替代療法 ? 醫(yī)學(xué)作為科學(xué) 2021/6/16 51 尋找迷失的環(huán)節(jié) （ Missing Links） 病理過(guò)程 病理事件順序 生物事件順序 化學(xué)事件順序 整體層次 器官層次 組織層次 細(xì)胞層次 分子層次 化學(xué)反應(yīng)組合 哲學(xué) 2021/6/16 52 Enzymology, after having marched away from the biological toward the chemical and physical, has now change direction and return to where it came from. In a manner of speaking, the spectrophotometric cell must be replaced by the living cell as the ambience of the enzymes studied. This is by no means a retreat by modern enzymology. On the contrary, enzymology would reach a new level of understanding after pleting this circular, or rather spiral, progress, just as envisaged for the development of ideas by Hegelian dialectics. In the latter, the law “negation of negation（ 否定的否定 ） ” holds that previous ideas are negated at each higher level of understanding: in two consecutive steps the negation made in the first step is negated in the second. , Supramolecular Enzyme Organization(1984) 哲學(xué) 2021/6/16 53 The specialist concentrates on detail and disregards the wider structure， which gives it context. The new scientist, however, concentrates on structure on all levels of magnitude and plexity, and fits detail into its general framework. ,(1972) The Systems View of the World 哲學(xué) 2021/6/16 54 理想 生活對(duì)于任何一個(gè)男女都非易事，我們必須有堅(jiān)忍不拔的精神； 最要緊的，還是自己要有信