【正文】 and the breakdown information, only then realization protection computer worked, can achieve this point. Regarding certain protective device realization puter workings, also can enhance the protection the reliability. The Tianjin University in 1993 proposed in view of the future Three Gorges hydroelectric power station 500kv ultrahigh voltage multi return routes generatrix one kin 5 d of distributional generatrix protection principle, developed successfully this kind of equipment initially. Its principle is disperses the traditional central generatrix protection certain (with to protect generatrix to return way to be same) the generatrix protection unit, the dispersible attire is located in on various return routes protection screen, each protection unit joins with the computer work, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the puter work for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the puter work, carries on the generatrix differential motion protection the putation, if the puted result proof is the generatrix interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatrix isolation. When generatrix area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for exterior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional generatrix protection principle which realizes with the puter work, has the high reliability pared to the traditional central generatrix protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatrix entire the malignant accident which excises, this regarding looks like the Three Ges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatrix the system key position to be extremely important. By above may know, microputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microputer protection development inevitable trend. protections, control, survey, data munication integrations In realization relay protection puterizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multipurpose puter, is in an entire electrical power system puter work intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the , also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the work control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microputer protective device not only may plete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to plete the survey, the control, the data munication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data munication integration. At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely plex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration puter installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the puter work, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the work with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protXX 大學(xué)電信 學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 6 ective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the putation judgment。因而在 60年代中我國(guó)已建成了繼電保護(hù)研究、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、運(yùn)行和教學(xué)的完整體系。在這方面南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的集成電路工頻變化量方向高頻保護(hù)起了重要作用，天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研制的集成電路相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保護(hù)也在多條 220kv 和 500kv 線路上運(yùn)行。隨著微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的研究，在微機(jī)保護(hù)軟件、算法等方面也取得了很多理論成果。天 9 津大學(xué)一開(kāi)始即研制以 16 位多 cpu 為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)， 1988 年即開(kāi)始研究以 32位數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器 (dsp)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量一體化微機(jī)裝置，目前已與珠海晉電自動(dòng)化設(shè)備公司合作研制成一種功能齊全的 32 位大模塊，一個(gè)模塊就是一個(gè)小型計(jì)算機(jī)。天津大學(xué)已研制成用同微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的一種工控機(jī)加以改造作成的繼電保護(hù)裝置。到目前為止，除了差動(dòng)保護(hù)和縱聯(lián)保護(hù)外，所有繼電保護(hù)裝置都只能反應(yīng)保護(hù)安裝處的電氣量。 對(duì)于一般的非系統(tǒng)保護(hù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)裝置的計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)也有很大的好處。因?yàn)槿绻粋€(gè)保護(hù)單元受到干擾或計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤而誤動(dòng)時(shí)，只能錯(cuò)誤地跳開(kāi)本回路，不會(huì)造成使母線整個(gè)被切除的惡性事故，這對(duì)于象三峽電站具有超高壓母線的系統(tǒng)樞紐非常重要。如果用光纖作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸介質(zhì)，還可免除電磁干擾。例如在輸電線兩側(cè)系統(tǒng)電勢(shì)角度擺開(kāi)情況下發(fā)生經(jīng)過(guò)渡電阻的短路就是一非線性問(wèn)題，距離保護(hù)很難正確作出故障位置的判別，從而造成誤動(dòng)或拒動(dòng)；如果用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法，經(jīng)過(guò)大量故障樣本的訓(xùn)練，只要樣本集中充分考慮了各種情況，則在發(fā)生任何故障時(shí)都可正確判別。