【正文】 oximity of an army causes prices to go up。 danger and security。故明君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功。鄉(xiāng)間者，因其鄉(xiāng)人而用之；內(nèi)間者，因其官人而用之；反間者，因其敵間而用之；死間者，為誑事于外，令吾聞知之而傳于敵間也；生間者，反報也。故明主慎之，良將警之。凡軍必知五火之變，以數(shù)守之。 火攻第十二 孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。犯三軍之眾，若使一人。去國越境而師者，絕地也；四徹者，衢地也；入深者，重地也；入淺者，輕地也；背固前隘者，圍地也；無所往者，死地也。是故方馬埋輪，未足恃也；齊勇如一，政之道也；剛?cè)峤缘?，地之理也。是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不約而親，不令而信，禁祥去疑，至死無所之。兵之情主速，乘人之不及。故知兵者，動而不迷，舉而不窮。夫地形者，兵之助也。若敵先居之，盈而勿從 ，不盈而從之。 地形第十 孫子曰：地形有通者、有掛者、有支者、有隘者、有險者、有遠者。卒未親而罰之，則不服，不服則難用。上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。覆軍殺將，必以五危，不可不察也。 九變第八 孫子曰： 凡用兵之法，將受命于君，合軍聚合。故夜戰(zhàn)多金鼓，晝戰(zhàn)多旌旗，所以變?nèi)酥恳病９什恢T侯之謀者，不能豫交；不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍；不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者，不能得地利。故五行無常勝，四時無常位，日有短長，月有死生。故形兵之極，至于無形。我專為一，敵分為十，是以十攻其一也。出其所必趨，趨其所不意。任勢者，其戰(zhàn)人也，如轉(zhuǎn)木石。故善戰(zhàn)者，其勢險，其節(jié)短。稱勝者之戰(zhàn)民也，若決積水于千仞之溪者，形也。故善戰(zhàn)者之勝也，無智名，無勇功，故其戰(zhàn)勝不忒。故善戰(zhàn)者，能為不可勝，不能使敵之必可勝。是謂亂軍引勝。將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災(zāi)也。故知兵之將，民之司命。 善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載，取用于國，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。多算勝少算，而況于無算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負(fù)見矣。將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。 plete work as titled above. The mentary itself, which, of course includes this work embedded within it, has been released as (or ). This is being released only as an adjunct to that work, which contains a wealth of mentary upon this text.] The Art of War has 13 chapters. 孫子兵法 孫武 始計第一 孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。兵者，詭道也。其用戰(zhàn)也，勝久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈，久暴師則國用不足。故智將務(wù)食 于敵，食敵一鐘，當(dāng)吾二十鐘；□①桿一石，當(dāng)吾二十石。 謀攻第三 孫子曰：夫用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。故曰：知己知彼，百戰(zhàn) 不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負(fù)；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必敗。守則 不足，攻則有余。是故勝兵先勝而后求戰(zhàn)，敗兵先戰(zhàn)而后求勝。故善出奇者，無窮如天地，不竭如江海。亂生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于強。 【注：】 ①：“瑕”的“王”旁換“石”旁。故善攻者，敵不知其所守；善守者，敵不知其所攻。故備前則后寡，備后則前寡，備左則右寡，備右則左寡，無所不備，則無所不寡。人皆知我所以勝之形，而莫知吾所以制勝之形。故迂其途，而誘之以利，后人發(fā)，先人至， 此知迂直之計者也。掠鄉(xiāng)分眾，廓地分利，懸權(quán)而動。善用兵者，避其銳氣，擊其惰歸，此治氣者也。是故智者之慮，必雜于利害，雜于利而務(wù)可信也，雜于害而患可解也。絕斥澤，唯亟去無留，若交軍于斥澤之中，必依水草而背眾樹，此處斥澤之軍也。軍旁有險阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①薈者，必謹(jǐn)覆索之，此伏奸之所處也。令素行以教其民，則民服；令素不行以教其民，則民不服?？梢酝?，難以返，曰掛。凡此六者，地之道也，將之至任，不可不察也。故戰(zhàn)道必勝，主曰無戰(zhàn)，必戰(zhàn)可也；戰(zhàn)道不勝，主曰必戰(zhàn)，無戰(zhàn)可也。諸侯自戰(zhàn)其地者，為散地；入人之地不深者，為輕地；我得亦利，彼得亦利者，為爭地；我可以往，彼可以來者，為交地；諸侯之地三屬，先至而得天下眾者，為衢地；入人之地深，背城邑多者，為重地；山林、險阻、沮澤，凡難行之道者，為泛地；所由入者隘，所從歸者迂，彼寡可以擊吾之眾者，為圍地；疾戰(zhàn)則存，不疾戰(zhàn)則亡者，為死地。主人不克，掠于饒野，三軍足食。故善用兵者，譬如率然。帥與之期，如登高而去其梯；帥與之深入諸侯之地，而發(fā)其機。是故不知諸侯之謀者，不能預(yù)交；不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行 軍；不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)，不能得地利。夫眾陷于害，然后能為勝敗。時者，天之燥也。夫戰(zhàn)勝攻取而 不惰其功者兇，命曰“費留”。相守數(shù)年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非民之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。間事未發(fā)而先聞?wù)?，間與所告者兼死。s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. 4. These are: (1) The Moral Law。 he who knows them not will fail. 12. Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a parison, in this wise: 13. (1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment? 14. By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat. 15. The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in mand! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:let such a one be dismissed! 16. While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. 17. According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one39。 while government expenses for broken chariots, wornout horses, breastplates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draughtoxen and heavy wagons, will amount to fourtenths of its total revenue. 15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy39。 to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a pany entire than to destroy them. 2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence。 and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities. 4. The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months。 if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy。 he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves。 fifthly, Victory. 18. Measurement owes its existence to Earth。 like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more. 7. There are not more than five musical notes, yet the binations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. 8. There are not more than five primary colors (blue, yellow, red, white, and black), yet in bination they produce more hues than can ever been seen. 9. There are not more than five cardinal tastes (sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter), yet binations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted. 10. In battle, there are not more than two methods of attackthe direct and the indirect。 if fourcornered, to e to a standstill, but if roundshaped, to go rolling down. 23. Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy. VI. WEAK POINTS AND STRONG 1. Sun Tzu said: Whoever is first in the field and awaits the ing of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight。 and hence we can hold the enemy39