【正文】 f overlending in Tajikistan, where she works as general director for Humo and Partners, a microlending fund in Dushanbe. Started with a staff of just 19 in 2020, the microlending organization now has 11 branches, 260 employees, 10,000 clients and an active portfolio of US$ million. Last year, during the crisis situation, we saw what happened. People were killing themselves because they could not repay five or six loans, Vaisova said. These cases in Tajikistan happened so often [that we said] to all our creditors, 39。s largest microfinance institution, is used to operating under such tension. After hurricanes affected the lives of onethird of its clients in 2020, Fonkoze helped struggling borrowers by rescheduling existing loans. Since the earthquake in January 2020, it has distributed thousands of cash grants, and more than 10,000 new loans to clients, and has developed a catastrophe microinsurance program. Microfinance, especially after Yunus received his [Nobel] prize, was branded as something that was good for the people, Roenen noted. And now Andhra Pradesh es with a story where it is bad.... We can probably learn what happened there. The public knows and expects from us that we provide social value. But we need to municate about that much more than we do. The last three years have witnessed a wave of events stemming from overlending, said program participant Inez Murray, executive vice president of New Yorkbased Women39。 doomsayers predicted a credit crunch and industry collapse. While it is too early to tell how the sector will respond, the crisis in Andhra Pradesh has sparked heated debate and soulsearching throughout the world39。 根據(jù)在摩洛哥開展的一項研究，婦女世界銀行發(fā)現(xiàn)婦女借款人傾向于將收入的 40%作為健康緊急備用資金， Murray 指出?！? 近期，安得拉邦的危機以及其他國家的事態(tài)發(fā)展讓小額信貸行業(yè)的領(lǐng)導者們 匯聚 一堂，探索如何在未來更好地控制過度負債， Murray 說道。 然而，社會財富計劃的參與者們認為如果小額信貸機構(gòu)希望繼續(xù)為緩解貧困做出貢獻，就不得不考慮利潤問題?！八麄兛梢钥吹侥硞€客戶已經(jīng)在其他貸款公司借了幾筆款項，是否已經(jīng)償清。據(jù)沃頓商學院社會財富計劃的另一名參與者、紐約婦女世界銀行行政副總裁 Inez Murray 指出，這些活動包括： 2020 年尼加拉瓜“不付款” (No Pago)運動引發(fā)了大范圍的違約和暴力抗議，致使當?shù)匦☆~信貸業(yè)遭受危機；摩洛哥小額信貸業(yè)遭遇大量違約，導致當?shù)刈畲蟮男☆~信貸機構(gòu)之一倒閉；波斯尼亞在戰(zhàn)后恢復 期內(nèi)過度發(fā)展信貸，在根本沒有足夠客戶的情況下，卻出現(xiàn)了大量小額信貸機構(gòu)。2020 年，颶風致使其三分之一的客戶遭受嚴重損失。之后的三十年內(nèi)，尤努斯教授創(chuàng)建的模式被人們所廣泛接受，并被許多國家復制，作為對抗貧困 的方式。但現(xiàn)在，突然之間，這個行業(yè)經(jīng)歷了一場地震。 10 月，印度政府對損害信貸、強行控制回款天數(shù)并拖累印度最大的盈利性小額信貸公司 SKS 股價暴跌的小額信貸機構(gòu)實施管制。 盡管現(xiàn)在要分析行業(yè)前景還為時尚早，但安得拉邦的危機著實引發(fā)了民眾對全球小額信貸行業(yè)的熱烈討論和深刻反省?！贝送?，幾名學員也指出，小額信貸行業(yè)必須在兼顧客戶需求的同時通過創(chuàng)新的方式來鞏固發(fā)展。隨著越來越多的商業(yè)銀行和盈利性企業(yè)進入市場、股東提高投資，部分市場開始過度飽和，借款人所得到的資金也大大超出其信用水平。同時，該公司還設(shè)立了小額災難保險計劃。 同樣參與社會財富計劃的 Mavsuda Vaisova 則與大家分享了塔吉克斯坦過度負債的負面影響，她曾在位于杜尚別的小額信貸基金 Humo and Partners 擔任總監(jiān)?！叭藗儫o法正確地評估自己的貸款需求。據(jù)公司網(wǎng)站信息顯示， Ujjivan 已經(jīng)完成了四輪資本輸入，并且在連續(xù)三年盈利后，正在籌備上市計劃。這其中，我們可能還需要引入法律監(jiān)管，但前提是，監(jiān)管不能妨礙增長?！? 大連民族學院 國際商學院 英文翻譯 Microfinance39。s 26 international participants, Kamran Azim, during a general discussion about the growth and sustainability of the microfinance industry. Azim, head of operations at the Kashf Foundation, a microfinance organization established in 1996 in Lahore, Pakistan, pointed out that methods and methodologies in microfinance have changed little in the past 20 or 30 years. Now suddenly, the earth has moved. Sponsored by the Women39。 Morocco39。 In some countries, the problem of overindebtedness has been attributed to a lack of information: Without a system of credit bureaus or official identification cards for the poor, lenders could not determine a borrower39。 it39。re absolutely optimistic that the microfinance sector is here to stay. Problems in Andhra Pradesh and other hotspots are essentially a lot of growing pains. The key is not to throw the baby out with the bath water.