【正文】 n, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit). 2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will bee mainstream MCU is a devicelevel puter systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micromachinery, such as watches, hearing aids. Lowcost integrated devicelevel, lowto a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has indepth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control。AT90 系列單片機(jī)是增強(qiáng) RISC 結(jié)構(gòu)、全靜態(tài)工作方式、內(nèi)載在線可編程 Flash 的單片機(jī) ,也叫AVR 單片機(jī) . PHLIPIS 51PLC 系列單片機(jī) (51 單片機(jī) )： PHILIPS 公司的單片機(jī)是基于 80C51 內(nèi)核的單片機(jī) ,嵌入了掉電檢測、模擬以及片內(nèi) RC 振蕩器等功能 ,這使 51LPC 在高集成度、低成本、低功耗的應(yīng)用設(shè)計中可以滿足多方面的性能要求 . HOLTEK 單片機(jī)： 臺灣盛揚半導(dǎo)體的單片機(jī) ,價格便宜 ,種類較多 ,但抗干擾較差 ,適用于消費類產(chǎn)品 . TI 公司單片機(jī) (51 單片機(jī) )： 德州儀器提供了 TMS370和 MSP430兩大系列通用單片機(jī) .TMS370系列單片機(jī)是 8 位 CMOS 單片機(jī) ,具有多種存儲模式、多種外圍接口 模式 ,適用于復(fù)雜的實時控制場合 。在編程模式下，重啟讀過程并連接探針到另外的數(shù)據(jù)線上就可以讀出程序和數(shù)據(jù)存儲器中的所有信息。若沒有顯微鏡，則采用將芯片的不同部分暴露到紫外光下并觀察結(jié)果的方式進(jìn)行簡單的搜索。 芯片上面的塑料可以用小刀揭開，芯片周圍的環(huán)氧樹脂可以用濃硝酸腐蝕掉。在某些場合非侵入型攻擊是特別危險的，但是因為非侵入型攻擊所需設(shè)備通?？梢宰灾坪蜕?，因此非常廉價。使用最廣泛的過錯產(chǎn)生攻擊手段包括電壓沖擊和時鐘沖擊。投身到單片機(jī)世界來，將使你一生受益。在使用計算機(jī)的人們中，只有從事嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的人才真正地進(jìn)入到計算機(jī)系 統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部軟、硬件體系中，才能真正領(lǐng)會計算機(jī) 的智能化本質(zhì)并掌握智能化設(shè)計的知識。 五、單片機(jī)將造就新一代電子精英 如果說五十年代起，無線電世界造就了幾代精英，那么當(dāng)今的單片機(jī)世界將會造就出新一代電子精英。集成器件級的低價位，低到幾元、十幾元，足以使單片機(jī)普及到許多民用家電、電子玩具中去。因此，當(dāng)前單片機(jī)在電子系統(tǒng)中的廣泛使用，使經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng) 迅速過渡到智能化的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)。這樣的通用計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)不可能為大多數(shù)電子系統(tǒng)采用，而且要使通用計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)滿足嵌入式應(yīng)用要求，必然影響高速數(shù)值處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展。而計算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的最重要標(biāo)志則是計算機(jī)嵌入式應(yīng)用的誕生。大量數(shù)字邏輯電路，如門電路、計數(shù)器、定時器、移位寄存器以及模擬開關(guān)、比較器等，為電子數(shù)字控制提供了極佳的條件，使傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械控制轉(zhuǎn)向電子控制。至今，許多老一輩的工程師、專家、教授當(dāng)年都是無線電愛好者?，F(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的基本核心是嵌入式計算機(jī)系統(tǒng) (簡稱嵌入式系統(tǒng) )，而單片機(jī)是最典型、最廣泛、最普及的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。電子科學(xué)開始形成了一門新興學(xué)科。半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)使有源器件實現(xiàn)了微小型化和低成本，使無線電技術(shù)有了更大普及和創(chuàng)新，并大大地開闊了許多非無線電的控制領(lǐng)域。 進(jìn)入 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代，大規(guī)模集成電路出現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)了常規(guī)的電子電路單元的專用電子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展。但是電子計算機(jī)表現(xiàn)出的邏輯運算、處理、控制能力，吸引了電子控制領(lǐng)域的專家，他們要求發(fā)展能滿足控制對象要求，實現(xiàn)嵌入式應(yīng)用的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。此后，無論是嵌入式系統(tǒng)，還是通用計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)都得到了飛速的發(fā)展。單片機(jī)完全是按照嵌入式系統(tǒng)要求設(shè)計的，因此單片機(jī)是最典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。目前許多家用電器如 VCD、 DVD只有單片機(jī)出現(xiàn)后才可能實現(xiàn)其功能。例如，在設(shè)計智能化儀器 顯示器的顯示功能時，可在開機(jī)時顯示系統(tǒng)自檢結(jié)果，未進(jìn)入工作時顯示各種待機(jī)狀態(tài)，儀器運行時顯示運行過程，工作結(jié)束后可顯示當(dāng)前結(jié)果、自檢結(jié)果、原始數(shù)據(jù)、各種處理報表等。既有硬件制作又有軟件設(shè)計，既動腦、又動手。攻擊者利用了該系列單片機(jī)擦除操作時序設(shè)計上的漏洞，使用自編程序在擦除 加密鎖 定位后，停止下一步擦除片內(nèi)程序存儲器數(shù)據(jù)的操作，從而使加過密的單片機(jī)變成沒加 密的單片機(jī)，然后利用編程器讀出片內(nèi)程序。電源和時鐘瞬態(tài)跳變可以在某些處理器中影響單條指令的解碼和執(zhí)行。 單片機(jī)侵入型攻擊的一般過程 侵入型攻擊的第一步是揭去芯片封裝。 接著在超聲池里先用丙酮清洗該芯片以除去殘余硝酸，然后用清水清洗以除去鹽分并干燥。 對于使用了防護(hù)層來保護(hù)ＥＥＰＲＯＭ單元的單片機(jī)來說，使用紫外光復(fù)位保護(hù)電路是不可行的。由于某種原因，這根線離其它的線非常遠(yuǎn)，所以使用激光切割機(jī)完全可以切斷這根線而不影響臨近線。 From the world of radio in the world to a single chip Modern puter technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to puter technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded puter systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems. First, radio has created generations of excellence in the world Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless munications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless munications began eworld journey. Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio。s SCM will create a new generation of eworld elite. A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a life of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, body, microcontroller applications, the application gives it life. For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system selftest results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of standby state, equipment runtime display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions. Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors. 2 single chip puter with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the puter age, many people are not used in the manufacture of puter is the puter. People using the puter, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal puter system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the put