【正文】 ad at following diets. But: These nationally remended guidelines do actually have a knock173。s partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.故選C。t draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. ”在1800年，一名英格蘭校長(zhǎng)James Pillans想讓他的學(xué)生們畫(huà)地圖，但是學(xué)生們?cè)谒麄兊拿阅惆迳蠠o(wú)法畫(huà)出地圖，因此校長(zhǎng)讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起來(lái)制造一個(gè)大的板。Function of the blackboard.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)描述黑板發(fā)展歷程向讀者介紹了黑板最早的時(shí)候確實(shí)是黑色的，隨后慢慢發(fā)展變成了綠色。They39。To draw students39。C.t plaining either. After all, the new greenboards made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word chalkboard as a more accurate descriptor, but blackboard still stuck around.（1）What did the late 18thcentury students use in class? A.s up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wallsized blackboards existed, late 18thcentury students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones. In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn39。 interest.（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the greenboard? A.re more useful than the traditional ones.（4）What39。根據(jù)第一段中的，...late 18thcentury students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood...可知，18世紀(jì)的學(xué)生用的是“迷你板”。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。 Overall, in high173。eating173。Following a nationally remended diet can do good to our health.C.caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice173。 （1）考查推理判斷。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無(wú)冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類(lèi)造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。d arrive home to an icecold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. It39。 Clothes have been given an upgrade, too. Electronic thermal jackets, sweaters and coats heat up when you turn them on. What better way to keep warm in the dead of winter? At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. Many models offer three levels of heating which stay warm for over 12 hours. .s no reason why winter can39。The thermostat heat up automatically when the temperature is low.D.A Smart ThermostatAn unpleasant winter【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，在科技并不發(fā)達(dá)的過(guò)去，人們可能會(huì)為如何在嚴(yán)寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾。故判斷出第1段中帶下劃線的單詞bundle up是多穿點(diǎn)衣服。t have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems可知，幸運(yùn)的是，事情不需要再這么有挑戰(zhàn)性了。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無(wú)線科技制造會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)熱的服飾。 Escaping predators (食肉動(dòng)物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.（2）Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean? A.Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D.The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了海洋氧含量下降是一個(gè)與氣候變化有關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的趨勢(shì)。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。這些調(diào)整可能使動(dòng)物暴露在新的掠食者面前，或迫使它們進(jìn)入食物匱乏的地區(qū)。故選D。 The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.RAS bines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected, said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.Negative.C. （2）考查推理判斷。 performance ”可知，機(jī)器人目前還在華盛頓州立大學(xué)的智能屋里進(jìn)行測(cè)試，故選B。The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth39。Previous scholarship(學(xué)術(shù)研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90 minute group nature walks were effective at batting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don39。A 2018 study from Denmark39。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在大自然中散步對(duì)人體有各種各樣的好處，再結(jié)合句中出現(xiàn)的“relieving other mood disorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出， batting depression應(yīng)表示“減輕抑郁”。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。Flexible.B.B.根據(jù)第二段中的”the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously“可知，鯨魚(yú)被靠近的船只碰撞，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苁菍?duì)船只所產(chǎn)生的噪音比較“遲鈍”。 （3）考查推理判斷。 Bratislavabased Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Ecocapsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to fight against high rent and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Ecocapsule can ser