【正文】 科生與第一屆研究生一起學(xué)習(xí)，他們是：路熠、賀平、盛昌源、武建勛、劉祖員。1963年，在原建工部的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，成立了“全國(guó)高等學(xué)校供熱供煤氣及通風(fēng)專業(yè)教材編審委員會(huì)”，負(fù)責(zé)制定暖通專業(yè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的“指導(dǎo)性”教學(xué)計(jì)劃和各門課程及實(shí)踐教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué)大綱，組成編審了一整套暖暖專業(yè)適用的全國(guó)通編教材。已有博士生招生的學(xué)校有：哈工大、清華、湖大、西安建筑科技大學(xué)、同濟(jì)、重大、西南交通大學(xué)、東南、天大、大連理工大學(xué)、中南大學(xué)、華中科大、東華大學(xué)、上海交大。其中俄羅斯大學(xué)最早設(shè)有建環(huán)專業(yè)，目前莫斯科建筑大學(xué)該專業(yè)具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)力。本專業(yè)作為3個(gè)研究方向（建筑學(xué)、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑設(shè)備）之一設(shè)在大學(xué)的建筑系，因此，日本建環(huán)專業(yè)與建筑結(jié)合緊密，其建筑設(shè)備系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)完善。就業(yè)去向我國(guó)暖通空調(diào)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)及其系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、維護(hù)管理已經(jīng)形成一個(gè)龐大的產(chǎn)業(yè)。美國(guó)建環(huán)專業(yè)所涉及的內(nèi)容主要是設(shè)備，學(xué)生畢業(yè)后對(duì)機(jī)電一體化和新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)具有較強(qiáng)的理解，因此美國(guó)建筑設(shè)備制造業(yè)居于世界領(lǐng)先。在全國(guó)專業(yè)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)制定的專業(yè)框架內(nèi)，開設(shè)了不同的專業(yè)方向，主要專業(yè)方向有：暖通空調(diào)方向、城市燃?xì)夤?yīng)方向、建筑給排水方向、建筑電氣及智能化方向，由于學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間有限，一名學(xué)生只能選修1各或2個(gè)專業(yè)方向，其他方向可基本了解。期間設(shè)有暖通專業(yè)本科的高校發(fā)展到100多所，設(shè)有?？频母咝Ｒ灿薪?00所。1958年，湖南大學(xué)成了暖通專業(yè)。要延長(zhǎng)壓縮機(jī)的質(zhì)?？梢允菢?biāo)準(zhǔn)的或可選擇的。如果這樣會(huì)降低機(jī)組的送風(fēng)量，降低效率。容量超過70千瓦的單個(gè)組合式設(shè)備需要被安裝在混凝土基座上如果震動(dòng)的控制是一個(gè)顧慮。對(duì)于大型屋頂式設(shè)備的安裝，適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)劃是很重要的因?yàn)橐恍┨厥獾脑O(shè)備是經(jīng)常需要的。室內(nèi)的單區(qū)域設(shè)備的維護(hù)和使用通常比位于室外的多區(qū)域設(shè)備的維護(hù)要便宜。雖說加熱、用戶主要需求是對(duì)舒適或?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品或生產(chǎn)加工空間環(huán)境控制的空調(diào)。協(xié)會(huì)把空氣源單元或熱泵定義為一個(gè)由一個(gè)或更多的工廠制造的組件，它通常包括室內(nèi)空調(diào)盤管，壓縮機(jī)，和一個(gè)室外盤管?？稍O(shè)在建筑物的中央。是完全開放。兩個(gè)控制閥適用互補(bǔ)控制，其中一個(gè)閥門被驅(qū)動(dòng)，而另一種是開放帶動(dòng)有線工廠關(guān)閉。風(fēng)冷冷凝器在小往復(fù)系統(tǒng)中很受歡迎，packaged unit systems are applied to almost all classes of buildings 組合單元系統(tǒng)適用于幾乎所有的建筑類they are especially suitable for smaller projects with no central plant where low initial cost and simplified installation are important 他們特別適用于沒有集中的工廠規(guī)模較小需要低初始成本和簡(jiǎn)化的安裝很重要的項(xiàng)目These units are installed in office buildings,shopping centers,manufacturing plants,hotels,motels,schools,medical facilities,nursing homes,and other multipleoccupancy dwellings 這些單位都安裝在辦公樓，商場(chǎng)，工廠，賓館，汽車旅館，學(xué)校，醫(yī)療設(shè)施，養(yǎng)老院，以及其他多占用的住房they are also suited to air conditioning existing buildings with limited life or ine potential 它們也適合于生命有限收入有潛力的建筑物空調(diào)applications also include facilities requiring specialized high performance levels,such as puter rooms and research laboratories 應(yīng)用還包括需要專門研究高性能水平，諸如電腦室和實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)施，these systems are characterized by several separate airconditioning units,each with an integral refrigeration cycle 這些系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是由幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，每一個(gè)包含有完整的制冷循環(huán) the ponents are factory designed and assembled into a package that includes fans,filters,heating coil,cooling coil,refrigerant pressor,refrigerantside controls,airside controls,and condenser 這些組件廠設(shè)計(jì)成一套，包括風(fēng)機(jī)，過濾器，加熱盤管，冷卻盤管，制冷壓縮機(jī)，制冷劑側(cè)的控制，空氣側(cè)的控制組裝和冷凝器the equipment is manufactured in various configurations to meet a wide range of applications 該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)的各種配置，以滿足廣泛的應(yīng)用examples include window air conditioners,throughthewall room air conditioners,unitary air conditioners for indoor and outdoor locations,airsource heat pumps,and watersource heat pumps 例子包括：窗式空調(diào)，通過壁掛式房間空氣調(diào)節(jié)器，適用于室內(nèi)和室外單元式空調(diào)，空氣源熱泵和水源熱泵specialized packages for puter rooms,hospitals,and classrooms are also available 特別套應(yīng)用于電腦室，醫(yī)院，教室也可ponents are matched and assembled to achieve specific performance objectives 部件匹配和組裝要達(dá)到特定的目標(biāo)these limitations make the manufacture cost,qualitycontrolled,factorytested products practicaloflow 這些限制使低成本，質(zhì)量控制，工廠測(cè)試的產(chǎn)品得以生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐for aparticular kind and capacity of unit,performance characteristics vary among manufacturers 適用于任何特定種類和單機(jī)容量，性能特點(diǎn)各不相同制造商all characteristics should be carefully assessed to ensure that the equipment performs as needed for the application 所有特征，應(yīng)仔細(xì)評(píng)估，以確保設(shè)備的應(yīng)用程序執(zhí)行所需的several trade associations have developed standards by which manufacturers may test and rate their equipment 一些貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，制造商可以通過它測(cè)試和評(píng)價(jià)自己的設(shè)備large mercial/industrial grade equipment can be custom designed by the factory to meet specific design conditions and job requirements 大型商業(yè)/工業(yè)級(jí)設(shè)備，可以由工廠定制設(shè)計(jì)以滿足特定設(shè)計(jì)條件和工作要求 this equipment carries a higher first cost and is not readily available in smaller sizes 該設(shè)備的初投資相當(dāng)高，不容易在較小的尺寸可供選擇selfcontained units can use multiple pressors to control refrigeration capacity 獨(dú)立式機(jī)組可以使用多臺(tái)壓縮機(jī)來控制制冷量for variable air volume systems,pressors are are turned on or off or unloaded to maintain the discharge air temperature 變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)，壓縮機(jī)是打開或關(guān)閉或卸載，以維持排氣溫度變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)，壓縮機(jī)是打開或關(guān)閉或卸載，以維持排氣溫度although the equipment can be applied as a single unit,this chapter covers the application of multiple units to form a plete airconditioning system for a building 雖然該設(shè)備可以作為一個(gè)單元申請(qǐng)，本章涵蓋了多個(gè)單位應(yīng)用，形成一個(gè)完整的空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)multiple,packagedunit systems for perimeter spaces are frequently bined with a central allair or floorbyfloor systems 多，包裝單位為周邊空間系統(tǒng)往往結(jié)合了中央所有空中或地面的地板系統(tǒng)these binations can provide better humidity control,air purity,and ventilation than packaged units alone 這些組合可以提供更好的濕度控制，空氣純凈，比單獨(dú)包裝的單位和通風(fēng)airhandling systems may also serve interior building spaces that cannot be conditioned by wall or windowmounted units 空氣處理系統(tǒng)也可以為室內(nèi)建筑，不能被墻或窗式空調(diào)空間單位heating and cooling capability can be provided at all times,independent of the mode of operation of other spaces in the building 窗體頂端加熱和冷卻能力可提供在任何時(shí)候，其他的操作空間獨(dú)立的建設(shè)模式manufacturermatched ponents have certified ratings and performance data 制造商認(rèn)證匹配組件有額定功率和性能數(shù)據(jù)assembly by a manufacturer helps ensure better quality control and reliability 由制造商大會(huì)有助于確保更好的質(zhì)量控制與可靠性manufacturer instructions and multipleunit arrangements simplify the installation through repetition of tasks 制造商的指示，多單位的安排，通過簡(jiǎn)化重復(fù)的安裝任務(wù)only one unit conditioner and one zone of temperature control are affected if equipment malfunctions 只有一個(gè)單位，一個(gè)空調(diào)溫度控制地帶的影響，如果設(shè)備故障 system is readily available 系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)成的one manufacturer is responsible for the final equipment package 一個(gè)制造商，是整套設(shè)備的最終責(zé)任for improved energy control,equipment serving vacant spaces can be turned off locally or from a central point,without affecting occupied spaces 提高能源控制，設(shè)備服務(wù)空地可以關(guān)閉本地或從一個(gè)中心點(diǎn)，在不影響占用空間 system operation is simple/trained operators are not required 系統(tǒng)操作簡(jiǎn)單/培訓(xùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者，無須less mechanical and electrical room space is required than with central systems 減少機(jī)械和電氣室空間需要比中央系統(tǒng) initial cost is usually low 初始投資成本通常比較低equipment can be installed to condition one space at a time as a building is pleted,remodeled,or as individual areas are occupied,wit favorable initial investment 設(shè)備可以安裝在一個(gè)空間條件一次作為構(gòu)建完成，改造，或個(gè)別地區(qū)的占領(lǐng)，機(jī)智有利的初始投資energy can be metered directly to each tenant 能量可以直接到每個(gè)租戶計(jì)量limited performance options may be available because airflow,cooling coil size,and condenser size are fixed 有限的性能選項(xiàng)可能是因?yàn)闅饬骺捎?，冷卻盤管的尺寸，冷凝器大小是固定的 a larger total building