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erstanding, and then to the midpurchase attempts, and finally the formation of basic trust in the successful purchase this trust with the successful purchase experience increases gradually increase. Site credit, once formed, have an important role in maintaining the number of established buyers. Of course, the credibility of both sides [3]. For example, an emerce sites anized 虛擬社會(huì)與現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。 當(dāng)然誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題是雙方面的 [3]。 二、電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信現(xiàn)狀及問(wèn)題 (一) 電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn) 網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物 [1]這種新的購(gòu)物方式正在為越來(lái)越多的人所喜愛,大批電子商務(wù)類網(wǎng)站(如亞馬遜、卓越、當(dāng)當(dāng)、易趣、和阿里巴巴旗下的淘寶網(wǎng)等)的涌現(xiàn)也吸引了大量的消費(fèi)者。隨著電子商務(wù)的普及,參與的人越來(lái)越多,電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題的影響越來(lái)越大,對(duì)其關(guān)注的人也越來(lái)越多,很多學(xué)者從不同的角度對(duì)電子商務(wù)中的誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究:姚天祥等利用博弈論技術(shù)對(duì)電子商務(wù)中的誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的根源進(jìn)行了分析,中國(guó)國(guó)際電子商務(wù)中心主任劉俊生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該通過(guò)建立第三方機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行信用評(píng)級(jí)來(lái)解決點(diǎn)子商務(wù)的誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題。根據(jù)中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心( CNNIC)的數(shù)據(jù),截至 20xx 年底,中國(guó)網(wǎng)民規(guī)模達(dá)到 ,其中網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物用戶規(guī)模年 增長(zhǎng)%,達(dá)到 億。電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 I 畢業(yè)論文 電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 II 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)電子商務(wù)的快速發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的人涉足電子商務(wù),目前電子商務(wù)已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)重要的商務(wù)形式,給人們的生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)了極大的便利,與此同時(shí)電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出:如價(jià)格欺詐,發(fā)貨不及時(shí)、付款不到位或不及時(shí),商品的售后服務(wù)得不到保證,信息的安全性得不到保障等事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因提出通過(guò)構(gòu)建我國(guó)電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信體系來(lái)解決電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題,促進(jìn)我國(guó)電子商務(wù)健康發(fā)展,電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信體系的建立需要政府、企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者三方面共同努力來(lái)建設(shè),本文對(duì)電 子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信體系建設(shè)中政府、企業(yè)及消費(fèi)者所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的任務(wù)作了探討。艾瑞咨詢的數(shù)據(jù)也顯示, 20xx 年,全年中國(guó)電子商務(wù)交易規(guī)模達(dá) 萬(wàn)億元,較 20xx 年增長(zhǎng) %。姜奇平則提出通過(guò)建立誠(chéng)信生態(tài)來(lái)解決電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信缺失。但是消費(fèi)者在享受網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的自由與便捷的同時(shí),也屢屢受到欺詐,網(wǎng)上的信譽(yù)度差已成為電子商 務(wù)的一大詬病。比如,有一電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站舉辦打折或者抽獎(jiǎng)活動(dòng),如果網(wǎng)民沒有中獎(jiǎng),則會(huì)引發(fā)大量退貨行為發(fā)生,使得運(yùn)營(yíng)成本急劇上升,甚至造成階段虧損。通過(guò)電子商務(wù)進(jìn)行的商品交易不是一種單邊而是由買方和賣方雙邊或多邊完成的一種交易行為。 誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)會(huì)使顧客對(duì)企業(yè)滿意度增加,從而對(duì)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生信賴。 2.發(fā)貨、付款不到位或不及電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 –12– it is this virtual nature provides us with another new way of life and the environment?!薄敖?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)認(rèn)為,市場(chǎng)的重復(fù)交易產(chǎn)生出商業(yè)社會(huì)所需要的道德,即商業(yè)信譽(yù)。由于社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展, 社會(huì)生產(chǎn)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,專業(yè)化和分工成為社會(huì)生產(chǎn)的必然要求,由于分工,產(chǎn)生了合作,合作就必然要求生產(chǎn)者之間、交換者之間互相信任,沒有信任的合作是不可能發(fā)生的。因此,無(wú)論什么社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,社會(huì)問(wèn)題,人們都習(xí)慣于從人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中找原因,而且認(rèn)為從這里找到的原因才是事物之所以如此的根本原因。從這樣一個(gè)前提出發(fā),對(duì)于誠(chéng)信行為的解釋就會(huì)很片面,很狹隘,就無(wú)法解釋人在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使下信守承諾,遵守諾言的守信行為,無(wú)法解釋一些人舍生取義、舍己電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 –19– 三、 Emerce integrity impact factor analysis (一) Emerce the integrity of the multidimensional analysis 1. Interpretation of the economics Economists believe that economic activity in the modity exchange in order to pursue the maximization of their own economic interests and longterm arising from the integrity of behavior [8]. Their main ideas are the following: social integrity is essentially a struggle between the different individual selfinterest reached a mutually beneficial and balanced result. Economics, duplicate transactions in the market to produce the moral of 為人的高尚的行為表現(xiàn)。”“將信任理解為個(gè)人人格特質(zhì)的表現(xiàn),是一種經(jīng)過(guò)社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)而形成的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的人格特點(diǎn),其代表人物有心理學(xué)家羅特、懷特曼等,他們認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的生活經(jīng)歷和對(duì)人性的看法會(huì)使他 她 $ 形成對(duì)他人的可信賴程度的通常期望或 信念。s dishonesty caused by economic interests than the price paid by the acts of dishonesty, a large number of people will continue to repeat such acts of dishonesty, resulting in serious deficiencies in the munity as a whole integrity. Further analysis of the economic benefits caused by acts of dishonesty led to more than pay for the cost of the reasons, economists believe that the socioeconomic system is not perfect, the socialpetitive behavior is not standardized, social supervision and restraint is not enough information is not symmetry caused. Economist for 為的研究建立在人們的心理反應(yīng)機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)之上,但我們認(rèn)為它這種理論忽視了主體的主觀能動(dòng)性,把人置于一種被動(dòng)地應(yīng)付的狀態(tài)中,這種理論很容易讓人有一種感覺,即人們的誠(chéng)信行為是被動(dòng)地去適應(yīng)情境的表現(xiàn)方式。s legal system, property rights system to start, to the integrity of the mechanism to the protection system, can fundamentally limit the occurrence of acts of dishonesty. Although from an economic point of view to explain the lack of ethical behavior and integrity are very convincing, but we can be seen from some obvious 因素分析 上述經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題的解釋雖然很深刻,但是都具有一定的片面性,實(shí)際上產(chǎn)生誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題的原因很多,要解決該問(wèn)題就應(yīng)該首先弄清楚哪些因素會(huì)產(chǎn)生誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題。 1.我國(guó)誠(chéng)信基礎(chǔ)薄弱,社會(huì)信用體制尚未完全建立 由于我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期的“重商主義”影響,導(dǎo)致一些傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)誠(chéng)信道德與倫理的缺失。而這種理論把人假想成一個(gè)沒有任何主體意識(shí)、主觀思想或者這種主觀能動(dòng)性很少的存在物,這是不合理的,也是沒有任何意義的?!笨梢钥吹?,社會(huì)心理學(xué)家著重從個(gè)體的心理認(rèn)知內(nèi)容和行為表現(xiàn)去解釋誠(chéng)信行為,第一種觀點(diǎn)把誠(chéng)信解釋為一種主體對(duì)外界刺激的反應(yīng),是人在遭受一定的情境刺激時(shí)所做出的應(yīng)急反應(yīng)。最后,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于誠(chéng)信機(jī)制的建構(gòu)從外部 的制度建設(shè)入手,加強(qiáng)法制的、市場(chǎng)的和信息的等方面的制度建設(shè),而忽視對(duì)于人們誠(chéng)信觀念的內(nèi)在培養(yǎng),忽視人們自身修養(yǎng)不斷提高和人們追求自我道德品質(zhì)的不斷提升的內(nèi)在需求。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家重視主電子商務(wù)中誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題分析與對(duì)策 –18– information protection mechanisms there are security risks, resulting in online merchandise purchase of personal information by others to steal. According to the survey [7]: % of respondents use the work or online transactions encountered their personal information was stolen experience。 some consumers to use cash on delivery payment, but receipt of the goodsrefused to pay, or do not make timely payments, and return for no reason after the consumer receives the goods, have increased marketing costs. 3. Products, service can not be guaranteed 了研究之后,得出了誠(chéng)信行為導(dǎo)致的社會(huì)后果:減少交易成本?!痹谏鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的商品交換中,商品的所有者之間由于各種因素的制約難免會(huì)發(fā)生一些貨幣的借貸和商品賒購(gòu)的行為。 3.產(chǎn)品的售后服務(wù)得不到保證 一方面,很多電子商務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者沒有設(shè)置商品售后服務(wù)機(jī)制,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)上商品購(gòu)買者尋求售后服務(wù)無(wú)門。 (3)誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)可以幫助企業(yè)樹立良好的市場(chǎng)形象。這種機(jī)制必須具備確認(rèn)、鑒別交易另一方真實(shí)身份的功能,并且可以保護(hù)交易各方的利益不受損害,受到損害可以得到公正解決。 由此可知,無(wú)論是網(wǎng)上消費(fèi)者、網(wǎng)絡(luò)企業(yè)商家還是中間人公司(如阿里巴巴旗下的支付寶公司),其整體誠(chéng)信水平均有待提高,否則誠(chéng)信問(wèn)題將嚴(yán)重制約著電子商務(wù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)張。s lives. Ebay, Amazon in the world has a very large market and the impact of global Inter panies, has developed into. Foreign emerce has a prehensive mechanism of mutual trust and credibility of the system, mature markets have a special credit intermediaries to ensure that emerce businesses and individual consumers of credit, good credit card system in the United States but also for the launching of the emerce has created a good credit protection . 眾所周知,網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物無(wú)法像傳統(tǒng)交易那樣眼見、耳聞、手觸,實(shí)實(shí)在在感受商品的存在 [2],所能了解的信息僅限于網(wǎng)上圖片及文字說(shuō)明,交易的手段又往往是通過(guò)銀行轉(zhuǎn)賬支付和郵局寄送商品,這就給不法之徒有機(jī)可乘,消費(fèi)者受騙后即使投訴也由于地域上的跨度和賣家真實(shí)情況的不確定性而難以得到妥善處理與保障。 相比于我國(guó),國(guó)外電子商務(wù)誠(chéng)信體