【正文】 still necessary for students to be successfulboth in school and in life. Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire(獲得，學(xué)得 ) the skill of writing by hand. Berninger and her colleagues carried out a study that looked at the ability of students to plete various writing tasksboth on a puter and by hand. The study, published in 2021, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more plete sentences and had a faster word production rate. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. ―Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.‖ Berninger said. Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(轉(zhuǎn)換 ) ―those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,‖ the study said. Seeing the words in the ―mind’s eye‖ helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(發(fā)現(xiàn) ) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time. ―In our puter age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,‖ she said. ―But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the puter.‖ 25. Berninger’s study published in 2021 ___________. A. showed that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. B. discussed the importance of writing speed. C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences. D. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a puter. 26. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? A. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas. B. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas. C. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability. D. Spelling improves one’s memory of words. 27. What does ―mind’s eye‖ in paragraph 5 mean? A. Imagination(想象 ). B. Soul(靈魂 ). C. Window. D. Picture. 28. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage? A. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching. B. Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms. C. Computers can help people with their choice of words. D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade. C While reading a book in English, every few lines of text, you run across a word or two that you don’t know. You look up every new word in the dictionary. Bad move. All that does slow you down. Even electric or CD –ROM dictionaries can get in the way of your reading progress. A dictionary is like a road map. It can help you if you get lost and point you in the right direction. But if you stop to look at the ―map‖ each time you take a step, you’ll get nowhere fast. On your English learning ―journey‖, a dictionary can be a helpful ―travel panion ‖if it is not overused. To help you start thinking in English, use an EnglishtoEnglish dictionary. Otherwise, you will always depend on your native language and end up translating in your head. A good dictionary can help you do more than just find the meaning of a word. It can help you verify (test and check) spelling, check word forms and grammar usage, find example sentence and learn pronunciation. Some dictionaries even provide exercises to teach you how to use their resources. Take time to get to know your dictionary. Learn the pronunciation symbols (符號(hào) ). Understand what the abbreviations (縮寫(xiě)字 ) mean. Try to master the important grammar rules. Look for charts, diagrams and lists that might be useful in the future. You will discover how helpful it can be to make friends with your dictionary. And as they say, ―A friend in need is a friend indeed.‖ 29. Why do we need a good EnglishtoEnglish dictionary? A. Because it is a good friend. B. Because it can help us to find the right direction if we get lost. C. Without it we’ll always depend on our native language and end up translating in our head. D. Because it can help us to start thinking in Engl