【正文】 用電器、紙和紡織廠,風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng), 空調(diào)和熱泵、滾動(dòng)和水泥工廠、機(jī)床和機(jī)器人，泵和壓縮機(jī)、船舶推進(jìn)等。從那時(shí)起,有一個(gè)巨大的擴(kuò)張?jiān)诓煌较虻募夹g(shù)研究和開發(fā)輻射如圖所示。功能強(qiáng)大的個(gè)人電腦的出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)化中也發(fā)揮了重要的作用。從廣義的角度來看，電力電子技術(shù)可以幫助一個(gè)國(guó)家，提供改善生活質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。電力電子通過提高利用效率有助于節(jié)約能源本質(zhì)。例如，在日本電力成本較高。高頻電磁爐和微波爐相比傳統(tǒng)的表面安裝烤箱也節(jié)省能源。歐洲風(fēng)能協(xié)會(huì)估計(jì)，估計(jì)可利用全球的風(fēng)能約10％可以提供所有全球電力需求[7][29]。大功率門極可關(guān)斷晶閘管（GTOs）的出現(xiàn)，主要由日本企業(yè)[22]，這種強(qiáng)迫換流晶閘管變流器已經(jīng)被趕盡殺絕了。預(yù)計(jì)功率MOSFET將在未來仍然受到質(zhì)疑低電壓高頻率的應(yīng)用。目前看來，在未來的絕緣柵器件（功率MOSFET和IGBT）將繼續(xù)在電力電子應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。還有一些還沒有投入生產(chǎn)其他的設(shè)備，諸如場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管控制的晶閘管，靜電感應(yīng)晶閘管，注入增強(qiáng)柵晶體管，場(chǎng)效應(yīng)可關(guān)斷晶閘管等。而計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)怎樣 與實(shí)際應(yīng)用更有效的結(jié)合并有效的發(fā)揮其作用是科學(xué)界最熱門的話題，也是當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用中空前活躍的領(lǐng)域。由于低效率的交通控制，汽車在城市交通中都經(jīng)歷過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的行進(jìn)。本文安排如下：第2部分?jǐn)⑹鋈绾谓⒔煌Ｐ?，預(yù)測(cè)交通情況和控制交通。專家對(duì)本體論進(jìn)行手動(dòng)的開發(fā)和評(píng)估?！氨倔w論是一個(gè)正式的、明確的一個(gè)共享的概念化的規(guī)范。這種新的辦法適用于智能代理使用知識(shí)決策模糊。本節(jié)說明在這項(xiàng)工作中的應(yīng)用技術(shù)包括語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，特別本體和模糊本體。這些規(guī)則的模糊變量是天氣條件，時(shí)間，每天平均車輛擁堵情況。例如一個(gè)階段選型的模糊規(guī)則如下所述：“如果一個(gè)路口的類型是四的方式，平均車輛擁堵低，平均行人擁堵是中等，然后相類型是簡(jiǎn)單的兩階段”。由于德爾菲專家的意見，約有84％的淘汰型規(guī)則和優(yōu)化周期時(shí)間的87％被接受。第四篇：外文翻譯中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文超聲測(cè)距系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原文出處：傳感器文摘 布拉福德：1993年第13頁摘要：超聲測(cè)距系統(tǒng)技校在工業(yè)場(chǎng)車輛導(dǎo)航水聲工程等領(lǐng)域都具有了廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值，目前已應(yīng)用于物理測(cè)量，機(jī)器人自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航以及空氣中與水下的目標(biāo)探測(cè)、識(shí)別定位等場(chǎng)合，因此，深入研究超聲的探測(cè)理論和方法具有重要的實(shí)踐意義，為了進(jìn)一步提高測(cè)量的精確度，滿足工程人員對(duì)測(cè)量精度測(cè)距量程和測(cè)距儀使用的要求，本文研制了一套基于單片機(jī)的使拱式超聲測(cè)距系統(tǒng)。智能交通系統(tǒng)ITS是目前世界上交通運(yùn)輸科學(xué)技術(shù)的前沿技術(shù)，它在充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的潛力，提高運(yùn)輸效率，保障交通安全，緩解交通賭塞，改善城市環(huán)境等方面的卓越效能，已得到各國(guó)政府的廣泛關(guān)注。它安裝在汽車上，能探測(cè)企圖接近車身的行人、車輛或周圍障礙物。其較早的產(chǎn)品是用蜂鳴器報(bào)警，蜂鳴聲越急，表示車輛離障礙物越近。能檢測(cè)前進(jìn)和倒車方向障礙物距離, 通過后視鏡內(nèi)置的中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文顯示單元顯示距離和方位, 發(fā)出一定的聲響, 起到提示和警戒的作用。首先測(cè)出超聲波從發(fā)射到遇到障礙物返回所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間，再乘以超聲波的速度就得到二倍的聲源與障礙物之間的距離。其主要有三種測(cè)距方法：（1）相位檢測(cè)法，相位檢測(cè)法雖然精度高，但檢測(cè)范圍有限；（2）聲波幅值檢測(cè)法，聲波幅值檢測(cè)法易受反射波的影響；（3）渡越時(shí)間檢測(cè)法，渡越時(shí)間檢測(cè)法的工作方式簡(jiǎn)單，直觀，在硬件控制和軟件設(shè)計(jì)上都非常容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。測(cè)量脈沖到達(dá)時(shí)間的傳統(tǒng)方法是以擁有固定參數(shù)的接收信號(hào)開端為基礎(chǔ)的。電路的原理如圖1所示。部分源程序如下： receive1：push pswpush accclr ex1；關(guān)中斷源1jnb ，right。MOV A,R7 SUBB A,3CH MOV 30H,A SETB EX0。測(cè)量過零時(shí)間與回波振幅。因此，它不僅可用于移動(dòng)機(jī)器人，還可以用在其他檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中。中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文參考文獻(xiàn)，.，KhuriYakub， Kino，.，“High Frequency Acoustic Wave Measurement in Air”，in Proceedings of IEEE 1983 Ultrasonic Symposium，October 312 November，1983，Atlanta，GA， Abreu，.，Ceres, Freire,T.,“Ultrasonic Ranging: Envelope Analysis Gives Improved Accuracy”,Sensor Review, ,1992,， M., Anaya, and Fritsch C.,‖Digital Signal Processing Techniques for High Accuracy Ultrasonic Range Measurement:,IEEE Transactions: Instrumentation and , August 1991, C., Cicco, ., Mortem, B., Prudenziati, M., and Taron, A., ―A Temperature Compensated Ultrasonic Sensor Operating in Air for Distance and Proxinmity Measurement‖, IEEE Trasaction on Industry Electronics, Vol, IE29 ,1982, , ., Ceres, R., Calderon, L and Freire, T., ‖Ultrasonic Ranging Gets Themal Correction‖, Sensor Review, Vol, 9 , 1989,（論文）譯文Ultrasonic ranging system design Publication title: Sensor : ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic ranging technology has wide using worth in many field, such as the industrial locale, vehicle navigation and sonar it has been used in level measurement, selfguided autonomous vehicles, fieldwork robots automotive navigation, air and underwater target detection, identification ,location and so there is an important practicing meaning to learn the ranging theory and ways improve the precision of the ultrasonic ranging system in hand, satisfy the request of the engineering personal for the precision,the bound and the usage, a portable ultrasonic ranging system based on the single chip processor was : Ultrasound r, Ranging System, Single Chip Processor With the development of science and technology, the improvement of people’s standard of living, speeding up the development and construction of the drainage system have greatly developed their situation is constantly , due to historical reasons many unpredictable factors in the synthesis of her time, the city drainage particular drainage system often lags behind urban , there are often good building excavation has been building facilities to upgrade the drainage system brought to the city sewage, and it is clear to the city sewage and drainage culvert in the sewage treatment is very important to people’s robots designed to clear the drainage culvert and the automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robot, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the System is the core ponent of the development of ultrasonic range , it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range subject backgroundWith the development of economy and car scientific and technological progress, highway traffic presents driving fast pace, traffic dense is changed and the driver not professional the same time, along with the rapid development of auto industry, automobile yield and quantities are increased road development，中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文transportation management is relatively backward, leading to a large number of traffic accidents in some cities, especially transportation system in the world, ITS transportation science and technology of advanced technology, ITS exerting existing infrastructure of potential, enhance the transport efficiency, safeguard traffic safety and ease traffic wager plug, improving urban environment aspects of outstanding performance, has received the governments of widespread Chinese government is also highly intelligent transportation system of the development and popularization automotive anticollision system as ITS development of a base, ITS success to the whole system has a very significant , auto safety said can be divided into two main research direction: first,it is active safety technology, including the prevention of accidents, the way is now automotive safety research ultimate purpose。第六步：通過公式計(jì)算距離y。第一步：脈沖的傳送產(chǎn)生一種簡(jiǎn)單的超聲波第二步：根據(jù)公式改變回波放大器的獲得量直到回?fù)鼙粰z測(cè)到。 引腳為0，轉(zhuǎn)至左測(cè)距中斷電路服務(wù)程序 returne：SETB EX1；開外部中斷1pop acc中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文pop pswreti right：...；右測(cè)距電路中斷服務(wù)程序入口ajmp returnleft：...；左測(cè)距電路中斷服務(wù)程序入口ajmp return 計(jì)算超聲波傳播時(shí)間在啟動(dòng)發(fā)射電路的同時(shí)啟動(dòng)單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的定時(shí)器T0，利用定時(shí)器的計(jì)數(shù)功能，記錄超聲波發(fā)射的時(shí)間和受到反射波的時(shí)間。puzel：mov 14h，12hhere： ；nop；nop；nop；djnz 14h，here；Ret，單片機(jī)執(zhí)行上面的程序后，經(jīng)過三極管T放大，驅(qū)動(dòng)超聲波發(fā)射頭UCM40T，發(fā)出40khz的脈沖超聲波，且持續(xù)發(fā)射200ms。一個(gè)物體的脈沖強(qiáng)度很大程度上取決于這個(gè)物體的自然屬性尺寸還有它與傳感器的距離。本設(shè)計(jì)的超聲波測(cè)距就是使用了渡越時(shí)間檢測(cè)法。由單片機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)計(jì)時(shí)，所以此系統(tǒng)的測(cè)量精度理論上可以達(dá)到毫米級(jí)。超聲波是指頻率高于20HHZ的機(jī)械波?！?，并有距離顯示、聲響報(bào)警、區(qū)域警示和方位指示，有些產(chǎn)品還具備開機(jī)自檢功能。 課題設(shè)計(jì)的意義隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)工業(yè)化程的發(fā)展，汽車這一交通工具正為越來越多的人所用，但是隨之而來的