【正文】 ope of getting betteroff ? ….. 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！ 。Effective Persuasion in Writing and Speaking Learning Objectives After this session, you should be able to… ? Distinguish between persuasive writing and other writing types such as exposition. ? Use a set of persuasive devices and evaluate others’ writing and speaking critically in light of such devices. ? Speak and write reasonably and logically through effective persuasion. ? Persuasively argue about topics relevant to daily life, academic pursuit, career and other contexts. ? Write a persuasive poem for publicservice announcements. Modes of Writing Exposition 1 Persuasion / Argumentation 2 Description 3 Narration 4 ?Communications may be divided into four modes (types). They are the basic writing types. To explain or inform To convince or persuade To create in words a picture of a person, place, object, or feeling To tell a story or recount an event What is Persuasive Writing? Definition: In a persuasive essay, … you must take a position either for or against something。t agree with, or a contrasting idea) Support Your Perspective with Reliable Sources Build credibility / Ethos (Aristotle’s term) Use evidence ( logos) from credible sources ? Esp. statistics and reputable studies Appeal to the audience’s reason Question: Which one of the following statements (imaginary) is more credible? ? “Within ten years, changes in technology will make today’s personal puters seem hopelessly oldfashioned.” (Bill Gates) ? “Personal puters are not likely to be much different in ten years than they are today.” (Zhang Yimou) ? “Despite changes in audience values, there will always be a market for wellmade kung fu films.” (Zhang Yimou) ? “There is no longer a significant market for kung fu films.” (Bill Gates) 17 ? Evidence include: ? personal experience (narration, anecdote) ? hypothetical examples ? research and studies ? statistics ? peer testimony ? expert testimony Different types of evidence Cite Reliable Sources Which person would a reader be more likely to believe? Joe Smith from Fort Wayne, IN Dr. Susan Worth, Prof. of Criminology (犯罪學(xué) ) at Purdue University Organizing persuasive speeches ? Four special patterns to anize persuasive speeches: ? 1) Problemsolution order ? 2) Problemcausesolution order ? 3) Comparative advantages order ? 4) Motivated sequence ? It is tailormade for persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. Motivated Sequence – Five Steps ? Attention: Gain the attention of your audience. ? Need: Make the audience feel a need for change. ? Satisfaction: Satisfy the need by providing a solution to the problem. ? Visualization: Sho