【正文】 ? Outlaw certain interactions on a higher level (., it’s not okay to hook two outputs to each other in a signal flow model) 10/23/2022 Quick Example... ? Hybrid Systems – Its own domain – Can be done through “traditional” programming techniques, or – Can have a customized modeling editor ? Ptolemy’s HyVisual ? GME’s HSIF ? MATLAB 10/23/2022 In short... 2 1 3 10/23/2022 Modeling and metamodeling ? The bridge between design abstraction, and modeling tool is found in the “meaning” of the models ? To give meaning to models is the job of a metamodeler ? Will metamodeling change the world of software as we know it? Can Rocky and Bullwinkle save Software Engineering from Boris Badanov? “Don’t worry, Fearless Leader, they have no plans for system integration! Mua, ha ha ha ha ha!” Boris Badenov 10/23/2022 Modeling and metamodeling 10/23/2022 Wait wait wait? ? DSMEs are not an end to software, but a way to better develop applications ? However, they should change they way that some things are done – For many of the same reasons that it doesn’t make sense to write MATLAB in assembly code, it doesn’t make sense to build systems with software – DSMEs make it better to build systems, by providing very restricted programming languages to (unsuspecting) users 10/23/2022 DSME Example ? How did it use to be? – Plant calls engineer – Engineer designs system – Plant okay’s engineer’s design – Engineer builds system vicariously for 6 different plant engineers – Engineer spends 6 months debugging system, due to ambiguous specifications from plant engineers Design system Implementation Design approval – Engineer vows to take an oath of silence, and move to a monastery in Switzerland, populated by Eunuchs programming Unix 10/23/2022 Modeling and metamodeling ? Now, how should it be? – Plant calls engineer – Engineer develops metamodel – Plant engineers experiment with models – Plant engineers give feedback – Final metamodel delivery – Plant engineers build system Design metamodel System built Experimental approval Final delivery Sanity intact 10/23/2022 Well, I guess that wraps it up... ? I mean, this looks pretty cutanddried, no reason to do any more work here... ? After, all, what are the odds that DSMEs are going to introduce their own problems to be solved, and in general be a research topic for the engineering world, eh? 10/23/2022 Domain Evolution ? Domain evolution – Changes are made to the metamodels ? Model migration – Changes must be made to the models as a consequence of the changes to the metamodels Model Builder Model Interpreters Models MIPS Environment Model Interpretation Application Domain App. 1 App. 2 App. 3 Application Evolution MetaLevel Translation Metaprogramming Interface Formal Specifications Domain Evolution 10/23/2022 The need Model Builder Model Interpreters Models MIPS Environment Model Interpretation Application Domain App. 1 App. 2 App. 3 Application Evolution MetaLevel Translation Metaprogramming Interface Formal Specifications Environment Evolution ? Preservation of the data is important ? The application domain is generated from the models, so the models will be necessary after the domain has evolved ? Changes in the formal specifications of the domain may require changes to the models in order for them to be “correct” 10/23/2022 Example ? Specialization of type ? Old type (Port) is made abstract, and replaced by two objects (Input and Output) that belong in different contexts 10/23/2022 What is required... ? How do you maintain data appropriately throughout the evolution of a domain?? ? How do you do it while following the golden rule?? 10/23/2022 What is it called? ? Model Migration is the evolution of domain models after their domain has been evolved ? Requires that – the domain models conform to their new metamodel, and that – the domain models be “correct” after they are evolved, where correct either means ? Syntactically valid (if you’re going to rebuild the models, and this is a trick to reuse as many as possible), or ? Semantically valid (if you just want to transform the models and immediately use them) 10/23/2022 Methods/Techniques for MM ? Model rebuilding – Looking at old models and rebuilding them by hand ? Graphrew