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creates extra load on utility lines, increases heating of the utility transformers and standard AC electric motors, and may cause stability problems in some applications such as in emergency generator systems or aircraft generators. Harmonics can be removed through the use of filter banks but the filtering is expensive, and the power utility may require a business with a very low power factor to purchase and install the filtering onsite.In 2001 the European Union put into effect the standard IEC/EN6100032 to set limits on the harmonics of the AC input current up to the 40th harmonic for equipment above 75 W. The standard defines four classes of equipment depending on its type and current waveform. The most rigorous limits (class D) are established for personal puters, puter monitors, and TV receivers. In order to ply with these requirements modern switchedmode power supplies normally include an additional power factor correction (PFC) stage.Putting a current regulated boost chopper stage after the offline rectifier (to charge the storage capacitor) can help correct the power factor, but increases the plexity (and cost).Quasiresonant ZCS/ZVSA quasiresonant ZCS/ZVS switch (Zero Current/Zero Voltage) is a design where each switch cycle delivers a quantized 39。 they have the advantages of faster recovery times than silicon diodes (allowing lowloss operation at higher frequencies) and a lower voltage drop when conducting. For even lower output voltages, MOSFETs may be used as synchronous rectifiers。主要利用這一方法提高效率,因?yàn)殚_(kāi)關(guān)晶體管功耗小、功率大,半導(dǎo)體為關(guān)閉狀態(tài)(有源區(qū))。整流電路可配置一個(gè)電壓倍增,增加了一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)操作手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)。這是可取的協(xié)商,但該手冊(cè)在嘗試此動(dòng)作,盡管大多數(shù)供應(yīng)是有相當(dāng)?shù)哪芰Φ炔僮?,即使沒(méi)有提到的文件中。輸出電壓是光耦合輸入,從而可以非常嚴(yán)格的控制。逆變交流是用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)主要繞組的高頻變壓器。 經(jīng)過(guò)整流后的電壓輸出較平滑,然后通過(guò)一個(gè)電感器和電容器組成的過(guò)濾器。輸出電壓的升壓轉(zhuǎn)換器總是大于輸入電壓的升壓輸出電壓反轉(zhuǎn),但可能大于,等于或小于其規(guī)模輸入電壓。這部分的電力供應(yīng)被稱(chēng)為開(kāi)關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器。變壓器設(shè)計(jì) 開(kāi)關(guān)電源變壓器的運(yùn)行在高頻率。 最后,輸入電流等基本開(kāi)關(guān)式電源的高次諧波含量和相對(duì)較低的功率因數(shù)。包39。 最現(xiàn)代化的臺(tái)式和筆記本電腦已經(jīng)有一個(gè)DCDC轉(zhuǎn)換器在主板上,電壓從電源或電池送往核心CPU, V,~。航天飛機(jī)使用的燃料電池發(fā)電3 30 36伏直流電。開(kāi)關(guān)式電源,開(kāi)關(guān)電源,開(kāi)關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器,并指這種類(lèi)型的電力供應(yīng)。 另見(jiàn):航空電子設(shè)備,飛機(jī)地面支持 如電視機(jī),例如,一個(gè)可以測(cè)試的出色調(diào)節(jié)電源使用variac 。即使像戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)F 16型使用400 Hz電源。耗電量的控制器也必須加以考慮。最嚴(yán)格的限制( D類(lèi))都建立了個(gè)人電腦,電腦顯示器,電視接收器。由于一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)電源波形在一般高速(脈寬調(diào)制方波),線路必須能夠支持高次諧波的基頻由于集膚效應(yīng),這是一個(gè)功率損耗的主要來(lái)源。相反,他們依賴(lài)于持續(xù)恒定電壓和輸入變壓器或電感,并承擔(dān)的輸出將會(huì)是正弦的。這些都是主要用于產(chǎn)生高電壓低電流(克羅夫特沃爾頓發(fā)電機(jī))。這些屬于最簡(jiǎn)單的一類(lèi)單輸入,單輸出轉(zhuǎn)換器,它利用一個(gè)電感器和一個(gè)有效的開(kāi)關(guān)。對(duì)于較低的電壓,肖特基二極管時(shí)常用的整流元件。第二個(gè)最后階段需要一個(gè)相輔相成的設(shè)計(jì),在一個(gè)晶體管后接一個(gè)相同的MOSFET和一個(gè)放電MOSFET的。如果開(kāi)關(guān)電源沒(méi)有在輸入范圍內(nèi)使用,而是為了有足夠的靈活性采用全波整流的下游逆變階段,以通過(guò)整流器產(chǎn)生廣泛的直流電壓。這些脈沖產(chǎn)生重大的高頻能量,從而降低了功率因數(shù)。這是一個(gè)這直接由公網(wǎng)交流供電,提供一個(gè)或多個(gè)直流輸出的設(shè)備。雖然線性穩(wěn)壓保持理想的輸出電壓超過(guò)電源的耗散在通過(guò)功率晶體管的開(kāi)關(guān)模式電源開(kāi)關(guān)功率晶體管飽和度之間,并斷開(kāi)(完全關(guān)閉),可變占空比是其平均理想的輸出電壓。外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)Switchedmode power supplyA switchedmode power supply (also switchingmode power supply, SMPS, or simply switcher) is an electronic power supply unit (PSU) that incorporates a switching regulator. While a linear regulator maintains the desired output voltage by dissipating excess power in a pass power transistor, the switchedmode power supply switches a power transistor between saturation (full on) and cutoff (pletely off) with a variable duty cycle whose average is the desired output voltage. It switches at a muchhigher frequency (tens to hundreds of kHz) than that of the AC line (mains), which means that the transformer that it feeds can be much smaller than one connected directly to the line/mains. Switching creates a rectangular waveform that typically goes to the primary of the transformer。它的開(kāi)關(guān)在一個(gè)非常高的頻率(幾十甚至幾百千赫)比交流的頻率要高,相當(dāng)于變壓器,可充當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸電源。更確切地可將其稱(chēng)為電源轉(zhuǎn)換器,但可長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不間斷使用。特別控制技術(shù)可以采用下列開(kāi)關(guān)電源,以迫使平均輸入電流跟蹤正弦形狀的交流輸入電壓,因此,設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)設(shè)法糾正功率因數(shù)。在高功率開(kāi)關(guān)模式電源 ,有些可以作為自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)來(lái)使用。設(shè)計(jì)使用一個(gè)電阻可以運(yùn)行大部分的空閑時(shí)間,降低效率。它的優(yōu)勢(shì),恢復(fù)時(shí)間比硅二極管更快(允許低損耗運(yùn)行在更高的頻率)和可以在電壓下降時(shí)進(jìn)行。降低的降壓轉(zhuǎn)換器的輸入電壓的比率傳導(dǎo)時(shí)間與總開(kāi)關(guān)期間成正比,這就是所謂的占空比。低電壓變異被稱(chēng)為電荷泵。設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)節(jié)補(bǔ)償寄生電容的變壓器或線圈。功率因數(shù) 簡(jiǎn)單線性開(kāi)關(guān)式電源納入一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的全波整流電路連接到一個(gè)大型能源儲(chǔ)存電容器。為了符合這些要求的現(xiàn)代開(kāi)關(guān)模式電源供應(yīng)器通常包括一個(gè)額外的功率因數(shù)校正( PFC )的階段。應(yīng)用 開(kāi)關(guān)模式電源的產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)也有很多應(yīng)用,如將它們大量應(yīng)用與個(gè)人電腦中,這意味著它們可以適用于世界各地的電路中,額定頻率從50赫茲到60赫茲,電壓從100伏至240伏(雖然可能需要手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)開(kāi)關(guān)電壓范圍)。于MD 81飛機(jī)有二百分之一百一十五交流V 400赫茲和28 V直流電源系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的3個(gè)40千伏安交流發(fā)電機(jī)。例如,在一些模型所作的飛利浦,電源啟動(dòng)時(shí)