【正文】 the United States, and other former colonies of the British Empire such as India,[2] Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Hong Kong.[3]InjunctionAn injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order, whereby a party is required to do, or to refrain from doing, certain acts. The party that fails to adhere to the injunction faces civil or criminal penalties and may have to pay damages or accept sanctions for failing to follow the court39。 Agents and the Third Parties with whom they deal on their Principals39。 manner is to harm another39。amalgamation39。 the plaintiff must have made a mistake as to his legal rights。 and the defendant, the possessor of a legal right, must know of the existence of his own right which is inconsistent with the right claimed by the plaintiff。 one party represents that he or she is transferring an interest in land to another, but what is done has no legal effect, or s equity that has been obtained (or will be obtained) by trading stock to a shareholder for cash or an equivalent item of capital value. For example, a pany can set aside share capital to exchange for puter servers instead of directly purchasing the servers from existing equity.The paidup capital does not speak about the shares.Preferred stockPreferred stock, also called preferred shares or preference shares, is typically a 39。s identity. Show me your bona fides can mean: Why should I trust you (your good faith in this matter)? Tell me who you are. In this sense, the phrase is sometimes used in job advertisements, and should not be confused with the bona fide occupational qualifications or the employer39。 decisions from individual cases and enpasses courts39。 interpretations of statutes, constitutional provisions, administrative regulations and, in some cases, law originating solely from the courts. Case law is often published in print law reports or reporters (and increasingly on court websites) to establish precedent rules to apply in future court decisions dealing with similar situations.For countries with a mon law legal system, such as in the United Kingdom, United States, and most of the Commonwealth of Nations, case law is a major source of law. In general, courts in mon law countries treat the decisions of higher appellate courts as normative laying down rules that should, or in some cases must, be used to decide similar legal disputes (called binding precedent). In countries with legal systems that follow the civil law tradition derived from Roman law, however, the courts are not strictly bound by rules and principles from case law. StatuteStatute law is law made by parliaments eg. the crimes act 1900 made by nsw parliamentA statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a country, state, city, or county. [1] Typically, statutes mand or prohibit something, or declare policy. The word is often used to distinguish law made by legislative bodies from the judicial decisions of the mon law and the regulations issued by Government agencies.[1] Statutes are sometimes referred to as legislation or black letter law. As a source of law, statutes are considered primary authority (as opposed to secondary authority).Before a statute bees law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government, and finally published as part of a code. In many countries, statutes are organized in topical arrangements (or codified) within publications called codes, such as the United States Code. In the United States, statutory law is distinguished from and subordinate to constitutional law.Agency (law)Agency is an area of mercial law dealing with a contractual or quasicontractual tripartite, or noncontractual set of relationships when an agent is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the Principal) to create a legal relationship with a Third Party.[1] Succinctly, it may be referred to as the relationship between a principal and an agent whereby the principal, expressly or impliedly, authorizes the agent to work under his control and on his behalf. The agent is, thus, required to negotiate on behalf of the principal or bring him and third parties into contractual relationship. This branch of law separates and regulates the relationships between:s good faith effort, as described below.[2]CommissionerCommissioner is in principal the title given to the holder of a mission, in the sense of a mandate, whether individually or shared, notably as member of a collegial mission.In practice the title of missioner has evolved to include a variety of senior officials, often sitting on a specific mission. In particular, missioner frequently refers to senior police or government officials. A High Commissioner is equivalent to an ambassador, between Commonwealth states sharing the same Monarch as head of state.The title is also sometimes given to senior officials in the private sector, for instance many North American sports leagues.PartnershipA partnership is a type of business entity in which partners (owners) share with each other the profits or losses of the business undertaking in which all have invested. Partnerships are often favored over corporations for taxation purposes, as the partnership structure does not generally incur a tax on profits before it is distributed to the partners (. there is no dividend tax levied). However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation.Joint and several liabilityUnder joint and several liability, a claimant may pursue an obligation against any one party as if they were jointly liable and it bees the responsibility of the defendants to sort out their respective proportions of liability and payment. This means that if the claimant pursues one defendant and receives payment, that defendant must then pursue t