【正文】 說，以下幾句話都應該用現(xiàn)在式： 我是一個學生 I am a student. 他是一個老師 He is a teacher. 他每天游泳 He swims every day. 湯姆勤奮工作 Tom works hard 他早起 He gets up early. 瑪莉喜歡看電影 Mary loves watching movies. 這里常常下雨 It rains often here. 我每天喝一杯牛奶 I drink a glass of milk every day. 我是中國人 I am a Chinese. 他會講英文 He speaks English. 他有喝茶的習慣 He drinks tea. 我騎腳踏車上學 I ride a bicycle to school. 他搭乘公車上班 He rides a bus to go to work. 我不喜歡你 I do not like you. 他愛他的太太 He loves his wife. 他守法 He obeys the law. 7 我不喜歡莎士比亞 I do not like Shakespeare. 他不抽煙 He does not smoke. 他喝酒 He drinks. 他唱歌唱得很好 He sings well. 他跳舞跳得很好 He dances well. 他不會游泳 He can not swim. 他不是一個好學生 He is not a good student. 他們都很懶 They are all very lazy. 凡是真理，自然界的現(xiàn)象，數(shù)學里的定理，都要用現(xiàn)在式： 太陽從東方升起 The sun rises in the east. 地球是圓的 The earth is round. 月亮是地球的一個衛(wèi)星 The moon is a satellite of the earth. 美國是一個大的國家 America is a large country. 在北極的夏天，太陽永不落下 The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer. 樹葉吸收二氧化碳 Tree leaves absorb CO2 . 計算機的基本原理是布爾代數(shù) The basic principle of puters is Boolean algebra 二點決定一線 Two points define a line. 三點決定一平面 Three points define a plane. 三基本顏色是紅、黃、藍 Three of the basic colors are red, yellowand blue. 【練習二】 將以下中文句子翻成英文，都用現(xiàn)在式。 除了 do 是助動詞以外，can 、may、might、will、would、must 也都是助動詞。 助動詞不限于“do”和它的變型， can、will、would、shall、may、must 等等都是助動詞，因此，以下的英文句子又都是對的： He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight. He must not eat meat any more. 規(guī)則（５）：在不定詞“to”的后面，必須用原形動詞 英文中的動詞，是會變化的，以 have 為例，第一人稱和第三人就不同： 3 I have a dog.He has a dog. 如果是過去式，動詞又要變化。 在中文，我們常說“ 我是愛你的 ”，翻成英文，這就變成了 * I am love you. 滑稽的是，這句英文句子犯了大忌，因為〝am〞是動詞，〝love〞也是動詞，兩個動詞是不能聯(lián)在一起用的。這些規(guī)則都是我們中國人所常常不注意的。 * He write very well. * Jack love playing the violin. * Mary swim every day. 正確的句子是： He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. 規(guī)則（４）：絕大多數(shù)的否定的句子，不能直接加“not”。 以下的句子都用上了〝be〞 I want to be a teacher. He wants to be a good father. They all love to be rich. No one likes to be poor. 規(guī)則（６）：英文中有所謂的助動詞。很多人將這句話翻成 I eat lunch. 這就錯了，因為〝Ieatlunch.〞的意思并不是〝我在吃午飯〞，而是〝我有吃午飯的習慣〞，意思是說，有人中午不吃午飯（可能是在減肥），我可是每天中午都會吃午飯的。 。 。 。 【練習四】 將下列句子譯成英文，有的用現(xiàn)在式，有的用現(xiàn)在進行式： 。 。1 過去式 過去式是指過去所發(fā)生的事。 。 。 。 。 。 ，他在看報（read newspaper）。 ，我媽媽在燒飯。He has worked here since 1950. （6）我認識他已經(jīng)很久了。He has already pleted the work. （3）我已經(jīng)測試了這個程序。I have never danced in my life. （4）我看過〝雙城記〞。 【練習十一】 將以下句子譯成英文，全部用現(xiàn)在完成式： 1980 年，我就每天早上游泳。 。 〝亂世佳人〞。 。 2. 從去年起，他就在念英文。以下是幾個例子： （1）他到臺灣以前，曾學過中文。以下是一些過去完成進行式的例子： had been watching TV before you called me. had been working hard in a pany for many years before I went to college. had been studying before he went to class. had been driving all day before he went to sleep. 【練習十五】 將以下中文句子譯成英文，每一句都要用過去式和過去完成式： ，就曾見過你的母親。 ，他一直在練習唱歌。 。 ，人們在跳舞。1 未來式的基本規(guī)則 如果我們在句子中，有需要提到未來的事情，就可以使用未來式，舉例來說，以下的句子都用未來式。 5. 我明天晚上回家以后，就打電話給你。舉例來說，” 我明天六點以前，我會完成這工作了” ，就可以用未來完成式： I will have finished this work by six o’clock tomorrow. 以下是一些未來完成式的例子 By the time he arrives at the station, the train will have left. We will have had three meetings before six o’clock tonight. He will have written six novels next summer. 【練習二十】 填充：（用未來進行式或未來完成式） ________(watch) the baseball game tomorrow night. ________(finish) the report when you arrive at his home. ________(wash) my car tonight when my mother es. ________(play) their violins when the clock strikes twelve. ________(plete) writing this program before ten o’clock tonight. ________(be) the president for three years next May. ________(wash) my car when you e tonight. ________(read) this report before six o’clock tomorrow evening. ________(dance) in the streets if Mr. Robertson is elected president. 10. I ________(drive) four hundred miles tomorrow. 25 【練習二十一】 將以下中文句子譯成英文 1. 彼得生于 1965 年，他從小就喜歡音樂，自從 1975 年起，他就一直在練習小提琴。1 否定句的基本規(guī)則 在任何語言，我們都有必要造出〝否定〞的句子，在中文，寫出否定句子并非難事，在英文，無論任何否定句子，都必須遵行一些規(guī)定，以下是否定句子的例子 肯定句子 否定句子 I like music. I don’t like music. He loves swimming. He does not love swimming. They have e to work. They have not e to work. Mary went to see a movie yesterday. Mary did not go to see a movie yesterday. John is a good boy. John is not a good boy. I will go to New York tomorrow. I will not go to New York tomorrow. He can sing. He can not sing. You may go now. You may not go now. He should sleep early. He should not sleep early. It is raining now. It is not raining now. It rains very often here. It does not rain very often here. He has a lot of money. He does not have a lot of money. It is exciting to see this game. It is not exciting to see this game. He asked me three questions. He did not ask me three questions. 從以上的例子來看，我們可以歸納出以下的規(guī)則： 1. Verb to be 后面可以直接加 not。例子： 原來句子 問句 I like music. Do I like music? He likes sports. Does he like sports? Peter went to America. Did Peter go to America? He ate。例如： He has not written any letter. They will not e. He cannot swim. They should not cry very often. Tom had not eaten any thing before you came. He may never eat cakes in the future. John has not lived here. 27 3. 一般句子的動詞必須加入 do 或他的變形。 2. 我的哥哥明天會來看我，他來的時候，我會在家里看電視。 7. 明天你走以后，我要看電視.。 23 不僅如此，will 后面的動詞必須用成原式，如果用 verb to be +going to+ verb 這里面的 verb 也必須用原式。 。 ，曾去過教堂。 【練習十六】 將以下的中文句子譯成英文，選適宜的時態(tài)。 ，他曾念過圣經(jīng)（the Bible）。He had worked before he decided to go to college. （3）我寫這篇有關(guān)愛爾蘭的小說以前，曾去過愛爾蘭。 4. 從五時起，他就在做功課（do homework ）。2 現(xiàn)在完成進行式（Present Perfect Progressive Tense） 在上一節(jié)，我們知道，如果有一個行動，從過去發(fā)生后，就一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，我們可以用現(xiàn)在完成式。 1985 年，我就一直住在美國。 。 。He has tasted this kind of ice cream. （6）我未曾見過雪。I have already received your letter. （5）他已搬到了一個較大的房子。He has already practiced tennis for （the past） four years. （8）我穿這件夾克很久了。1 現(xiàn)