【正文】 without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date. 33．（1）保證（下述各條有關(guān)保證）是指允諾性的保證，即被保險(xiǎn)人保證去做或不去做某種特定事情，或履行某項(xiàng)條件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事實(shí)的特定狀態(tài)。 （2）根據(jù)本法規(guī)定，除非保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)容另有其他要求，本法所附第一附件內(nèi)的術(shù)語及措詞，應(yīng)按賦予該附件規(guī)定的詞意和范圍解釋。 第28條 不定值保險(xiǎn)單（Unvalued policy） 28. An unvalued policy is a policy which does not specify the value of the subjectmatter insured, but, subject to the limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable value to be subsequently ascertained, in the manner herein before specified. 28．不定值保險(xiǎn)單指未載明保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的價(jià)值的保險(xiǎn)單，但受保險(xiǎn)金額制約，按前述規(guī)定將保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值留待以后確定。譯者注） 第26條 指定標(biāo)的（Designation of subjectmatter） 26(1).The subjectmatter insured must be designated in a marine policy with reasonable certainty. (2) The nature and extent of the interest of the assured in the subjectmatter insured need not be specified in the policy. (3) Where the policy designates the subjectmatter insured in general terms ,it shall be construed to apply to the interest intended by the assured to be covered. (4) In the application of this section regard shall be had to any usage regulating the designation of the subjectmatter insured. 26（1）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的必須在海上保險(xiǎn)單中合理確定地標(biāo)明。 (3) The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the case may be, covered by the insurance。 (5) “情況”一詞包括送給被保險(xiǎn)人的通知和其收到的消息。 (b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be known to the insurer. The insurer is presumed to know matters of mon notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an insurer in the ordinary course of his business, as such, ought to know。 但本條規(guī)定不影響因?qū)嵤┓啥l(fā)生的利益轉(zhuǎn)讓。 第10條 （以船、貨為抵押物的）抵押貸款（Bottomry） 10. The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia has an insurable interest in respect of the loan. 10．以船、貨為抵押物的貸款方對其貸款有保險(xiǎn)利益。 （2）一個人與海上冒險(xiǎn)有利益關(guān)系，尤其是在他與該冒險(xiǎn)或處在危險(xiǎn)中的任何保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)，具有任何法律上或衡平的關(guān)系，因而若保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)安全或及時(shí)抵達(dá)他便能從中獲取利益；反之，如果保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)滅失，損壞，或被滯留或招致有關(guān)責(zé)任，他的利益將受到損害。此種財(cái)產(chǎn)在本法中被稱為“可保財(cái)產(chǎn)”。 (2)如果用海上保險(xiǎn)單格式的保險(xiǎn)單，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或類似海上冒險(xiǎn)的任何冒險(xiǎn)，本法中的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，只要是可適用者，均得適用之；但除本條規(guī)定者外，本法的任何規(guī)定，都不能改變或影響任何適用于本法規(guī)定的海上保險(xiǎn)合同以外的保險(xiǎn)合同的法律規(guī)定。 （2）海上保險(xiǎn)合同在下列情況下，被認(rèn)為是賭博合同： (a) 被保險(xiǎn)人對保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的無本法規(guī)定的保險(xiǎn)利益，而且在締約后仍無獲得此種保險(xiǎn)利益的可能； (b) 保險(xiǎn)單是按“無論有無保險(xiǎn)利益”，或“除保險(xiǎn)單本身外，再無具有保險(xiǎn)利益的證明”，或“保險(xiǎn)人無救助利益”等條件，或按其他類似條件訂定的。 第8條 部分利益（Partial interest） 8. A partial interest of any nature is insurable. 8．任何性質(zhì)的部分利益均可承保。 （2）抵押權(quán)人、收貨人或?qū)ΡｋU(xiǎn)標(biāo)的有利益的其他人，除為了自已的利益外，得代表和為其他有利害關(guān)系的人的利益進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)。 （4）在其他保險(xiǎn)中，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值是保險(xiǎn)單生效時(shí)被保險(xiǎn)人處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的金額加上保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。 (2) 影響謹(jǐn)慎的保險(xiǎn)人確定保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的決定或決定是否承保該項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的每一情況，即屬重要情況。保險(xiǎn)單可在海上保險(xiǎn)合同成立時(shí)或以后簽發(fā)。 第25條 航次保險(xiǎn)單和定期保險(xiǎn)單（Voyage and time policies） 25.(1) Where the contract is to insure the subjectmatter at and from, or from one place to another or others, the policy is called a “voyage policy” and where the contract is to insure the subjectmatter for a definite period of time the policy is called a “time policy”. A contract for both voyage and time may be included in the same policy. (2) Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is made for any time exceeding twelve months is invalid.) 25．（1）在保險(xiǎn)合同承保保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的“在和從”或“從”某一地點(diǎn)運(yùn)送至另一地點(diǎn)或其他地點(diǎn)之場合，該保險(xiǎn)單稱作“航次保險(xiǎn)單”；在保險(xiǎn)合同承保保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的某一段固定期間之情況下，該保險(xiǎn)單叫做“定期保險(xiǎn)單”。 （2）定值保險(xiǎn)單指載明保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的約定價(jià)值的保險(xiǎn)單。貨物或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，必須誠實(shí)說明，但善意的漏報(bào)或誤報(bào)，即便在發(fā)生損失或貨物抵達(dá)之后，也可以進(jìn)行更正。 (c) Where the policy under which the assured claims is an unvalued policy he must give credit, as against the full insurable value, for any sum received by him under any other policy。 (2) 如果一項(xiàng)保證已被破壞，則被保險(xiǎn)人不能以在發(fā)生損失前違反已得到彌補(bǔ)，保證已得到遵守的理由為自已辯護(hù)。 第37條 無默示船籍保證（No implied warranty of nationality） 37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk. 37．關(guān)于船舶的國籍不存在默示保證，也不存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間其船籍不變的默示保證。 （2）在貨物或其他動產(chǎn)的航次保險(xiǎn)單中，存在著一項(xiàng)默示保證：在船舶航次開始當(dāng)時(shí)，不僅船舶本身適航，而且船舶還合理適宜運(yùn)送貨物或其他動產(chǎn)至保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的目的地。 （2）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，如存在航程變更，保險(xiǎn)人自該變更之時(shí)起，亦即，自變更決定被證明之時(shí)起，即免除責(zé)任；至于船舶發(fā)生滅失當(dāng)時(shí)可能事實(shí)上尚未偏離保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的航線則無關(guān)緊要。 航程（The Voyage） 第42條 關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開始的默示條件（Implied condition as to mencement of risk） 42.(1) Where the subjectmatter is insured by a voyage policy ‘a(chǎn)t and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be menced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so menced the insurer may avoid the contract. (2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition. 42．（1）在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的是按“在和從”或“從”某一特定地點(diǎn)開始的航次保險(xiǎn)單承保之場合，在簽訂該合同時(shí)，該船無需在該指定地點(diǎn)，但有一項(xiàng)默示條件，即該冒險(xiǎn)應(yīng)在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)開始，如果該冒險(xiǎn)未在該時(shí)間內(nèi)開始，保險(xiǎn)人可以撤銷合同。 第39條 船舶適航保證（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship） 39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured. (2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the mencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port. (3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage. (4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured. (5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.” 39（1）在航次保險(xiǎn)單中有一項(xiàng)默示保證，即在為承保的特定海上冒險(xiǎn)之目的而開始其航次當(dāng)時(shí)，船舶應(yīng)適航。 第35條 明示保證（Express warranties） 35.(1) An express warranty may be in any form of words from which the intention to warrant is to be inferred. (2) An express warranty must be included in, or written upon, the policy, or must be contained