【正文】 its name—the CODASYL DBTG model. It was an unnecessarily plicated model. This data relationship used data structures called networks. Who was E. F. Codd?ANSWER: was a littleknown IBM engineer published a paper in the Communications of the ACM3 in which he applied the concepts of a branch of mathematics called relational algebra to the problem of “shared data banks,” as databases were then known. The results of this work are now the relational model for databases, and all relational database DBMS products are built on this model. What were the early objections to the relational model?(最早的關(guān)系模型的反對(duì)是什么)Answer： Early objections included (1) too theoretical for practical implementation, (2) too slow, and(3) so much storage would be required that the model would never be useful in themercial world Name two early relational DBMS products.ANSWER: Oracle Database, DB2. What are some of the reasons for the success of Oracle Database?（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)成功的原因是什么？）ANSWER: Oracle Database achieved success for many reasons, one of which was that（1） it would run on just about any puter and just about any operating system. （2）Oracle Database had, and continues to have, an elegant and efficient internal design. Name three early personal puter DBMS products.ANSWER:Answer: Data are recorded facts and numbers.We can define information as:Knowledge derived from data.Data presented in a meaningful context.Data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, paring or other similar operations. Give an example of information that could be determined using the two tables you provided in your answer to Review Question .Anna Smith lives in 4454 which the rent is 1300. Give examples of a singleuser database application and a multiuser database application other than the ones shown in Figure ，單用戶 和 多用戶的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用，除表15之外。? Indexes? Stored procedures? Triggers? Security data? Backup/recovery data Is Microsoft Access a DBMS? Why or why not?No, Microsoft Access is not just a DBMS. Because it is a personal database system: a DBMS plus an application generator. Although Microsoft Access contains a DBMS engine that creates, processes, and administers the database, it also contains form, report, and query ponents that are the Microsoft Access application generator.(應(yīng)用程序生成器)，太偏太細(xì)，感覺(jué)不會(huì)考 Describe the ponents shown in Figure 115.Components of a Microsoft Access Database SystemMicrosoft Access contains a DBMS engine that creates, processes, and administers the database, it also contains form, report, and query ponents that are the Microsoft Access application generator. What is the function of the application generator in Microsoft Access?The application generator consists of applications ponents that create and process forms, reports, and queries. What is the name of the DBMS engine within Microsoft Access? Why do we rarely hear about that engine?The current DBMS engine within Microsoft Access is called the Access Database Engine (ADE). ADE is a Microsoft Office specific version of Microsoft’s Joint Engine Technology (JET or Jet) database engine. But you seldom hear about Jet because Microsoft does not sell Jet as a separate product.ADE是Jet引擎的一個(gè)版本，很少聽(tīng)說(shuō)是因?yàn)镴et不是一個(gè)獨(dú)立銷售的產(chǎn)品 Why does Microsoft Access hide important database technology?Because it is an effective strategy for beginners working on small databases Why would someone choose to replace the native Microsoft Access DBMS engine with SQL Server?You would do this if you wanted to process a large database or if you needed the advanced functions and features of Microsoft SQL Server. Name the ponents of an enterpriseclass database system. Name and describe the four categories of database applications that would use an enterpriseclass database system. client/server applications：the application program is a client that connects to a database server. Client/server applications often are written in programming languages such as , C++, or Java.emerce applications：run on a Web serverreporting applications：publish the results of database queries on a corporate portal or other Web site.XML Web services applications：use a bination of the XML markup language and other standards to enable programtoprogram munication. How do database applications read and write database data?All of these database applications get and put database data by sending SQL statements to the DBMS. How do database applications read and write database data?(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用程序是如何讀寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)的？ PPT: First class P23)Answer：the application program first queries the DBMS for data (again using SQL). The application then formats the query results as a report. （首先在DBMS中使用SQL查詢數(shù)據(jù)，然后將查詢結(jié)果作為報(bào)表顯示） Name the five DBMS products described in this chapter, and pare them in terms of power, features, and difficulty of use.（列出本章中5個(gè)DBMS產(chǎn)品，并比較他們的功效、特性和使用的難易程度 PPT：second class p39）Answer: Microsoft Access, MySQL, SQL Server, DB2, and Oracle Database.(這已經(jīng)是按比較順序來(lái)的了) List several consequences of a poorly designed database.（列出幾個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)不良的后果）Answer：（1）They may require application developers to write overly plex and contrived SQL to get –wanted data.（開(kāi)發(fā)人員需要編寫(xiě)過(guò)于復(fù)雜的SQL來(lái)獲取數(shù)據(jù)）（2）they may be difficult to adapt to new and changing requirements.（很難適應(yīng)新的不斷變化的需求）（3）they may fail in some other way.（或其他） Explain two ways that a database can be designed from existing data.（解釋兩種可以用現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) PPT: second class p13）Answer：（1） The first type of database design involves databases that are constructed from existing（2）A second way that databases are designed is for the development of new information systems.（ p17） What is a data warehouse? What is a data mart?（什么是數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)？什么是數(shù)據(jù)集市）Answer：data from an operational database, such as a CRM or ERP database, may be copied into a new database that will be used only for studies and analysis. Such databases ar