經(jīng)濟學(xué)的十個原理ppt課件(完整版)
【正文】 ? 和發(fā)行的貨幣量來影響經(jīng)濟所經(jīng)歷的通脹與失 ? 業(yè)的組合。 ? Market failure may be caused by an ? externality, which is the impact of one ? person or firm’s actions on the wellbeing of a bystander The standard of living depends on a country’s production ? 生產(chǎn)率是每一個工人每一小時生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品 ? 和服務(wù)。 ? Because households and firms look at prices when ? deciding what to buy and sell, they unknowingly take ? into account the social benefits and costs of their actions. ? ?? 這樣一來，價格引導(dǎo)決策者，達到使社會整體福利最大 ? 的結(jié)果。 ? ?? 為什么比爾 ? To get one thing, we usually have to ? give up another thing. ? ?? 食品和衣服 Food v. clothing ? ?? 閑遐和工作（收入） Leisure time v. ? Work (earnings) ? ?? 大炮和黃油 Guns v. butter ? ?? 效率和平等 Efficiency v. equity ? ?? 效率：社會從稀缺資源中獲得最多 (餅的大小 ) ? Efficiency means society gets the most that it can from its scarce resources. ? ?? 平等：收益在社會成員中公平分配 (餅的分割 ) ? Equity means the benefits of those resources ? are distributed fairly among the members of society ? 2. 某物的成本是為此而放棄的東西 ? The cost of something is what you ? give up to get it ? ?? 人們通過考慮某事的成本與收益來決定是否做某件事 ? 情。他們深深認識到，他們上大學(xué)的機會成本極高。 ? Firms decide who to hire and what to produce. ? 亞當(dāng) s the ? Hayek legacy.” ? Lawrence Summers ? Harvard Economics Professor, Clark Medallist ? former President of Harvard University ? f
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