【正文】 準(zhǔn)委員會，2022 年經(jīng)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會電子科技大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文10批準(zhǔn)成為全國信息技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會教育技術(shù)分技術(shù)委員會，授權(quán)承擔(dān)全國教育技術(shù)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研制、認(rèn)證和應(yīng)用推廣工作。但就標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本身而言，由于其對試題信息進(jìn)行了非常全面的節(jié)點(diǎn)定義，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來極為繁雜和冗長，從而破壞了其適用性 [46]。與此同時，IMS Global Learning Consortium 主要制定教育內(nèi)容在線發(fā)布的一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括存放和使用教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)進(jìn)度跟蹤、學(xué)生程度報告、交換學(xué)生記錄等等。通過試題發(fā)布系統(tǒng)，可以組卷結(jié)果傳輸并呈現(xiàn)給考生，以及反饋傳輸考試結(jié)果，考生和監(jiān)考者還可以與此組件直接交互。圖 13 QTI 結(jié)果報告（result reporting ）的體系結(jié)構(gòu)在 QTI 的結(jié)果報告（ result reporting）模型中 [34,35]，除了前述的 4 個核心組件之外，實(shí)際上它還包括了另外一些附加內(nèi)容，如評述（ment）和擴(kuò)展區(qū)（extension）等等，完整的 QTI 結(jié)果報告模型體系架構(gòu)如圖 13 所示。 。在QTI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，Section還承擔(dān)了兩種不同的需求導(dǎo)向，可以將多個屬于同一主題的試題歸納為一個單一的Section，也可以套用選題與排序的規(guī)則來將某些試題歸為同一Section 。QTI規(guī)范主要包括兩個核心組成部分：第一部分為ASI（Assessment Section Item）即試卷節(jié)項(xiàng)模型，此模型制定了測驗(yàn)內(nèi)容需要遵守的基本規(guī)范；第二部分為RR（Results Reporting）即結(jié)果報告模型，其主要是定義關(guān)于測驗(yàn)結(jié)果報告需要的遵守的基本規(guī)范 [24,25,26]。綜上所述，傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)現(xiàn)場考試已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了數(shù)千年，它隨社會考試需求的不第一章 緒 論3斷發(fā)展已經(jīng)暴露出了許多不足，一種更加方便快捷高效的無紙化考試方式正逐步進(jìn)入歷史舞臺，將會逐漸取代傳統(tǒng)的考試方式從而成為不久以后一種主流的考試方式。它具有下述一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（1）試卷題庫可以集中管理和共享使用各級各類分散運(yùn)行的題庫，一般都很難保持一個固定的專家群體，因此通過相關(guān)人員的試卷自主修訂后，容易導(dǎo)致題庫總體質(zhì)量下降，所以一般情況下同類題庫都可以由統(tǒng)一的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)來進(jìn)行維護(hù)和管理 [12]，也能夠由管理機(jī)構(gòu)統(tǒng)一向各考試需求機(jī)構(gòu)定向發(fā)布，因而可以完全做到“同一題庫、多點(diǎn)使用” ，實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的集中管理和使用共享，從而提高出卷效率、資源使用率，降低人力消耗。然而，伴隨著當(dāng)代考試活動的多樣化和普及化，傳統(tǒng)的考試方式逐漸暴露出了許多不足，備受詬病 [5,6,7]。關(guān)鍵詞： 通用考試系統(tǒng)，問題測試互操作，試卷節(jié)項(xiàng)模型，結(jié)果報告模型，試題庫，瀏覽器服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)模式Abstract II AbstractWith sustaining development of the puter and work technologis, some traditional examination means is replaced by some nopaper ones little by little. Compared with traditional examinations, such these nopaper ones with high flexibility, satisfied faireness and fine safety will properly bee a mainstream of future developmeng in examination fields.Firstly, this dissertation briefly introduces the Question and Test Interoperability, and then analyzes these two important parts of QTI, one is Assessment Section Item model and another is Results Reporting model. Subsequently, it gives a detailed analysis on the QTI and nopaper examination in China and other countries, and then on the basis of some typical applications, furthermore, it also introduces the research and development status of nopaper examination sytems. Moreover, this dissertation does deep analysis on a general examination sytem, especially on work envirment requirement, running performance need function restrict, and then It concludes systematic manmangement, item warehouse and other functions. Based on the requirement anlysis, it designes the synoptic scheme, background database, and those functional modules for the system, giving algorithmic flow charts. In addition, this dissertation also shows some important variables, data structures, and functions in the software code programming of function modules. In the end, the running status and testing results are exhibited, and some typical operation window pictures, as well as some testing data forms are also presented. The work and testing results shows that the developed nopaper examination system contains such these specilities of fine structure, powerful functions, stable performance, beautiful windows and convenient operation, so it has good application worthiness and spread signification.Key Words: General examination system, question and test interoperability, assessment section item, results reporting, item warehouse, browser/service model目 錄 III 目 錄第一章 緒 論 ...............................................................................................1 背景及研究意義 ......................................................................................................1 QTI 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹 ..........................................................................................................3 國內(nèi)外研究及發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ..........................................................................................8 QTI 規(guī)范的發(fā)展 ...............................................................................................8 考試系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 ...............................................................................................9 主要內(nèi)容和論文結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................10 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................................11第二章 考試系統(tǒng)的需求分析 ...................................................................12 運(yùn)行環(huán)境要求 ........................................................................................................12 性能方面的要求 ...................................................................................................13 系統(tǒng)的綜合管理需求 ...........................................................................................14 系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)處理 ...................................................................................................15 題庫業(yè)務(wù)處理 ................................................................................................15 應(yīng)考業(yè)務(wù)處理 ................................................................................................17 考試業(yè)務(wù)處理 ................................................................................................18 其他業(yè)務(wù)要求 ................................................................................................21 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................................22第三章 考試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................23 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................................23 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................26 模塊的算法流程設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................36 系統(tǒng)管理 .........................................................................................................36 題庫管理 .........................................................................................................38 考生業(yè)務(wù) ..............................................................