【正文】 凍系統(tǒng)冷量補(bǔ)充 b氣提氮?dú)饬髁? c循環(huán)甲醇的流量與變換氣流量比例 9 甲醇循環(huán)量 控制出工段的氣體成分指標(biāo) (Σ S≤ 0. 1ppm) ,甲醇循環(huán)量是最主要的調(diào)節(jié)手段。尾氣洗滌塔使隨尾氣的甲醇損耗降低到最大限度。該過程是一種物理過程 ,用低溫甲醇作為洗液 (吸收劑 )。銅氨液從銅洗塔經(jīng)減壓還原、加熱、再生后，補(bǔ)充總銅、 6 水冷卻、過濾、氨冷后經(jīng)銅氨液循環(huán)泵加壓循環(huán)使用。 回收塔回收段中的無硫氨水來自合成或銅洗工段使用過的無硫氨水和回收段的稀氨水壓入稀氨水壓入吸氨崗位母液槽和稀氨水槽或送脫硫崗位使用，從回收段出來的水直接排污水溝 。變換氣進(jìn)入吸附塔進(jìn)行吸附，吸附后送往精脫硫工段。氣柜中的半水煤氣經(jīng)過靜電除焦、羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)增壓冷卻降溫后進(jìn)入半水煤氣脫硫塔，脫除硫化氫后經(jīng)過二次除焦、清洗降溫送往壓縮機(jī) 一段入口。s process of drawing the design of the design of the main block diagram of ammonia and control points with the process of equipment designed mainly for the outline of size and equipment of the shell,through the hest load calculation by the heat exchanger size,number and order of the Tube journey,a few design is mainly directed against structural problems,under the conditions in the design of materials from the choice of starting with the design and structure,design a suitable structure. Checking strength against the strength of the problem,testing the structural design to meet requirements and does not meet the requirements by the measures taken. Key words: Technology,the heat exchanger,puting equipment 目錄 1 緒 論 ...................................................................1 合成氨生產(chǎn)工藝介紹 ..................................................1 造氣工段 .......................................................1 脫硫工段 .......................................................1 變換工段 ......................................................2 變換氣脫硫和脫碳 ..............................................3 碳化工段 ......................................................4 甲醇合成工段 ..................................................5 精煉工段 ......................................................5 壓縮工段 ......................................................6 氨合成工段 ....................................................7 冷凍工段 .....................................................7 . 低溫甲醇洗工藝簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................8 工藝原理簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................8 工藝流程簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................8 操作要點(diǎn) ......................................................8 主要控制指標(biāo) ..................................................9 主要保護(hù)裝置（連鎖） ..........................................9 2. 工藝計(jì)算 ................................................................11 . 設(shè)計(jì)溫度 ..........................................................11 . 設(shè)計(jì)壓力 ..........................................................11 . 密度 ..............................................................11 . 粘度μ ............................................................12 .........................................................15 . 比熱 PC ...........................................................17 . 熱量衡算 ..........................................................19 . 換熱器出選型 ......................................................19 . 核算壓力降 ........................................................22 ....................................................24 ...........................................................26 方案的確定 .........................................................26 儀表的選取 .........................................................27 檢測(cè)變送器 ....................................................27 溫度控制器 ...................................................28 電氣轉(zhuǎn)換器 ...................................................28 執(zhí)行器 .......................................................28 調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)律 ...........................................................28 .................................................................29 壓力容器類別判定 ...................................................29 壁溫計(jì)算 ............................................................30 管程壁溫 ......................................................30 殼程壁溫 ......................................................31 筒體材料 ......................................................32 管箱筒節(jié)厚度 .......................................................33 管箱筒節(jié)選材 ..................................................33 筒節(jié)厚度計(jì)算 ..................................................33 管箱法蘭 ...........................................................34 法蘭選材 ......................................................34 法蘭尺寸 ......................................................34 封頭的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................36 封頭選材 ......................................................36 封頭壁厚計(jì)算 ..................................................36 封頭尺寸 ......................................................37 液壓試驗(yàn) ............................................................38 拉桿設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................39 拉桿選材 .....................................................39 拉桿布置 .....................................................40 管板設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................40 管板選材 .....................................................41 管板結(jié)構(gòu) .....................................................41 管板布管 .....................................................41 管孔設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................42 拉桿孔設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................42 分程隔板槽 ...................................................43 實(shí)際布管 .....................................................44 分程隔板設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................44 換熱管設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................44 保溫層設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................45 接管設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................45 流體進(jìn)入換熱器的速度確定 .....................................45 接管設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................45 各接管法蘭、墊片及螺栓螺母的設(shè)計(jì) .............................47 各接管尺