【正文】 nce, therefore, it is likely that the executives of the bank are following this example. (states the main conclusion of the argument.) 天山 Q3: Business Consultant: Some corporations shun the use of executive titles because they fear that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to inhibit munication up and down the corporate hierarchy. (consideration that has led to the adoption of a certain strategy) Since an executive who uses a title is treated with more respect by outsiders, however, use of a title can facilitate an executive’s dealings with external businesses. (a reason against adopting that strategy) The obvious promise is for these executives to use their corporate titles externally but not internally, since even if it is widely known that the corporation’s executives use executive titles outside their anization, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit munication within the corporation. 天山 Q32: Ecologist: The Scottish Highlands were once the site of extensive forests, but these forests have mostly disappeared and been replaced by peat bogs. The mon view is that the Highlands’ deforestation was caused by human activity, especially agriculture. However, agriculture began in the Highlands less than 2,000 years ago. (evidence that, in light of the evidence provided in the second, serves as grounds for the ecologist’s rejection of a certain position. ) Peat bogs, which consist of pressed decayed vegetable matter, build up by only about one foot per 1,000 years and, throughout the Highlands, remains of trees in peat bogs are almost all at depths great than four feet. (the evidence) Since climate changes that occurred between 7,000 and 4,000 years ago favored the development of peat bogs rather than the survival of forests, the deforestation was more likely the result of natural processes than of human activity. 8月 JJ真題 A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool pany has recently claimed that the pany is mismanaged, citing as evidence the pany’s failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. ( the position that the argument as a whole opposes) It is doubtful whether an investor’s sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but in this case it is clearly not justified. (the conclusion of the argument as a whole) It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand, but in Burton’s case it indicates no such thing. Rather, the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers. 。Bold Face Practice 1. Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today’s mercial aircraft, are made with lowpower circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuumtube circuitry found in older planes. (Fact) During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. (Principle) Recently, one plane with lowpower circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop puter. (Evidence) Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop puters. (Conclusion) 2. A doubleblind study, in which neither the patient nor the primary researcher knows whether the patient is being given the drug being tested or a placebo, is the most effective procedure for testing the efficacy of a drug. (Principle) But we will not be able to perform such a study on this new drug, since the drug will have various effects on the patients’ bodies, which will make us aware of whether the patients are getting the drug or a placebo. (AntiConsideration) 3. The interstitial nucleus, a subr