【正文】 mited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics. Paragraph 2: Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of appliedart objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fineart objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fineart objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that appliedart objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overe by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor39。(3 passages in TPO are abstracted from OG, so they are exactly the same) Then, I cannot resist the temptation to make such a text: I typed every letter of the 13 passages in OG into puter。我有時(shí)候甚至?xí)?duì)著我的弟兄們高呼：“沒有把這53篇做３遍，你好意思上考場(chǎng)么？你好意思花錢在任何一本垃圾書上面么？”另外，如果你正在準(zhǔn)備iBTSATGRE的作文部分或者寫留學(xué)文書，也應(yīng)該仔細(xì)的琢磨一下這些文章：經(jīng)過ETS打磨的文章，無一不是精妙絕倫，極具模仿價(jià)值。我其實(shí)很無奈因?yàn)楸M管這些機(jī)構(gòu)很大牌,但大牌絲毫都不意味著文章“質(zhì)量高”(比如你可以想想三鹿奶粉)說這些機(jī)構(gòu)的文章質(zhì)量不高,并不是說文字寫得不好,而是說這些文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu), 論述方式, 出題思路與ETS的并不一致(有時(shí)候甚至大相徑庭)：用這樣的材料訓(xùn)練，實(shí)在是 事倍功半。于是，我們實(shí)在應(yīng)該去找找由ETS出的iBT文章來做：（我們能夠找到的|由ETS編纂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)iBT文章有）1. OG Official Guide 官方指南，由ETS提供的iBT考試指南；之中的13篇文章 Applied Arts and Fine Arts一文屬于ETS范例文章,故題目不全；；（其中3篇為第三版OG之中的文章）2. 13次（套）TPO TOEFL Practice Online: (由ETS提供的，)；之中的3*13=39篇文章 現(xiàn)在報(bào)名之后，贈(zèng)送的是一套Mini Test， 只有1篇文章13道題目；；3. 早期 大家都知道,我是一個(gè)溫和的人。常常有同學(xué)拜托我?guī)退ㄋ慞S，也說起自己的句子怎么看都像是小學(xué)生寫的（盡管用上了GRE里面的單詞），于是會(huì)隨口問我“勇哥，您的寫作能力是怎么訓(xùn)練出來的。 I paid dollars for the TPO and pleted it myself, filming the screen and capturing every page. Then I typed all the passages with the help of videos and captured pictures. The 3 passages in the online test happened to be available to me。s aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural promise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). 5. According to paragraph 2, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because ○They began using a material that made the statues weigh less ○They found a way to strengthen the statues internally ○The aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time ○The cannonballs added too much weight to the statues 6. Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance? ○To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that a fine artist must overe ○To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics ○To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics ○To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology 7. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. This passage discusses fundamental differences between appliedart objects and fineart objects. ● ● ● Answer Choices ○Appliedart objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are constrained by their purpose.○It is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.○Fineart objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.○Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties of their materials.8. Directions: Complete the table below to summarize information about the two types of art discussed in the passage. Match the appropriate statements to the types of art with which they are associated. This question is worth 3 points. TYPES OF ART STATEMENTSThe Applied Arts Select 3 ● ● ● The Fine Arts Select 2 ● ● Statements ○An object39。如果一個(gè)壺沒有底座，或者在一側(cè)有一個(gè)大開口，那么它在任何傳統(tǒng)意義上都很難被視為是一個(gè)容器。純工藝品不像實(shí)用工藝品那樣會(huì)受到自然規(guī)律的限制。當(dāng)?shù)袼芗覍W(xué)會(huì)如何了用鐵支架加強(qiáng)雕塑的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)后（鐵比青銅更結(jié)實(shí)），就不再使用金屬球了，由此看來，鐵球的使用是對(duì)于必要結(jié)構(gòu)性的妥協(xié)。因此，毫不夸張地說，純藝術(shù)工藝品的生產(chǎn)者需要克服原材料的限制進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，而從事實(shí)用性工藝品的生產(chǎn)者則依據(jù)材料的性質(zhì)來進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。比方說雕塑必須要牢固，這就需要了解質(zhì)量，重力分布和壓力的性質(zhì)。舉個(gè)例子，沒有屋頂?shù)慕ㄖ呛苌僖姷模驗(yàn)樗`反了自然規(guī)律。s place of origin is difficult to determine. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text. 參考答案：3. ○14. ○15. ○26. ○17. ○ 1 3 68. ○ 2 5 6 1 4參考譯文在現(xiàn)代，人們將根據(jù)工藝品的制造材質(zhì)對(duì)他們進(jìn)行分類，如陶土，玻璃，木頭，纖維還有金屬。ve, immature and awkward, even littered with those “glorious noble” GRE words (Actually, these words made their personal statement even freak!). And they asked, “Wenyong, my brother, how you forged your impressive writing skills?” I said, “Read! Read! And read again! The more you read, the better you writ