【正文】
Y 通電。 進(jìn)油路:泵 1→單向閥 5→閥 14(左)→手臂伸縮缸右腔 泵 2→閥 6→閥 7→↑ 回油路:手臂伸縮缸左腔→單向調(diào)速閥 15→閥 14(左)→油箱 手指張開(kāi)( 1 ?Y 、 9 ?Y 、 12 ?Y ) 手臂前伸至適當(dāng)位置,行程開(kāi)關(guān)發(fā)訊,電磁鐵 1Y、 9Y 帶電,泵 1 卸載,泵 2 供油,經(jīng)單向閥 6 電磁閥 20 左位,進(jìn)入手指夾緊缸右腔。執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)相應(yīng)由手臂升降機(jī)構(gòu)、手臂伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)、手臂回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、手腕回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、手指夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)和回轉(zhuǎn)定位機(jī)構(gòu)等組成,每一部分均由液壓缸 驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制它完成的動(dòng)作循環(huán)為:插定位銷(xiāo)→手臂前伸→手指張開(kāi)→手指夾緊抓料→手臂上升→手臂縮回→手腕回轉(zhuǎn) ?180 →拔定位銷(xiāo)→手臂回轉(zhuǎn) ?95 →插定位銷(xiāo)→手臂前伸→手臂中?!种杆砷_(kāi)→手指閉合→手臂縮回→手臂下降→手腕回轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)位→拔定位銷(xiāo)→手臂回轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)位→待料,泵卸載。 ⑶自由度。本 篇介紹的工業(yè)機(jī)械手屬圓柱坐標(biāo)式、全液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)械手。本篇根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序, 分四步詳細(xì)地介紹了工業(yè)機(jī)械手液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò) 程,其中第 3 步擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖是重 點(diǎn)。確定工業(yè)機(jī)械手的手部在運(yùn)動(dòng)空間的位置和姿態(tài)的、獨(dú)立的變化參數(shù)就是工業(yè)機(jī)械手的自由 度。 工業(yè)機(jī)械手液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第 3 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) 擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 手臂伸縮缸29手臂回轉(zhuǎn)缸30 手指夾緊缸32 手腕回轉(zhuǎn)缸31 定位缸33手臂升降缸3Y4Y5Y 6Y7Y 8Y 9Y10Y 11Y12Y1Y 2Y1 23 45 678925K2623 24222117 1816 20151413121110192728 工業(yè)機(jī)械手 液壓系統(tǒng)圖 液壓系統(tǒng)電磁鐵動(dòng)作順序表 動(dòng)作順序 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y 7Y 8Y 9Y 10Y 11Y 12Y K26 插定位銷(xiāo) + + + 手臂前伸 + + + 手指張開(kāi) + + + + 手指抓料 + + + 手臂上升 + + + 手臂縮回 + + + 手腕回轉(zhuǎn) + + + + 拔定位銷(xiāo) + 手臂回轉(zhuǎn) + + 插定位銷(xiāo) + + + 手臂前伸 + + + 工業(yè)機(jī)械手液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第 4 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) 手臂中停 + + 手指張開(kāi) + + + + 手指閉合 + + + 手臂縮回 + + + 手臂下降 + + + 手腕反轉(zhuǎn) + + + + 拔定位銷(xiāo) + 手臂反轉(zhuǎn) + + 待料卸載 + + 液壓系統(tǒng)工作原理 插定位銷(xiāo)( 1 ?Y 、 12 ?Y ) 按下油泵起動(dòng)按鈕后,雙聯(lián)葉片泵 2 同時(shí)供油,電磁鐵 1Y、 2Y 帶電,油液經(jīng)溢流閥 3 和 4 至油箱,機(jī)械手處于待料卸荷狀態(tài)?;赜吐窂淖笄煌ㄟ^(guò)液控單向閥 21 及閥 20左位進(jìn)入油箱。此時(shí),泵 2單獨(dú)供油至閥 22 左端,通過(guò)閥 24 進(jìn)入手腕回轉(zhuǎn)油缸,使手腕回轉(zhuǎn) ?180 。 1手指張開(kāi)( 1 ?Y 、 9 ?Y 、 12 ?Y ) 接到繼電器信號(hào)后, 1Y、 9Y 通電,手指張開(kāi)同 3。 進(jìn)油路:泵 2→閥 6→閥 22(右)→單向調(diào) 速閥 23→手腕回轉(zhuǎn)缸 回油路:手腕回轉(zhuǎn)缸→單向調(diào)速閥 24→閥 22(右)→油箱 1拔定位銷(xiāo)( 1 ?Y ) 手腕反轉(zhuǎn)碰到行程開(kāi)關(guān)后, 11Y、 12Y 斷電。 工業(yè)機(jī)械手液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第 7 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) 液壓系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)分析: ⑴ 系統(tǒng)采用雙聯(lián)泵供油,手臂升降及伸縮時(shí)由兩個(gè)泵同時(shí)供 油;手臂回轉(zhuǎn)、手腕回轉(zhuǎn)、手指松緊及定位缸工作時(shí),只有小流量泵 2 供油,大流量泵 1 自動(dòng)卸載。由于手臂的回轉(zhuǎn)部分質(zhì)量較大,轉(zhuǎn)速較高,運(yùn)動(dòng)慣性矩較大,系統(tǒng)手臂回轉(zhuǎn)缸 除采用單向調(diào)速閥回油節(jié)流調(diào)速外,還在回油路上安裝行程節(jié)流閥 19 進(jìn)行減速緩沖,最后由定位缸插定位銷(xiāo)定位,滿足定位精度要求。 手指張開(kāi)( 1 ?Y 、 9 ?Y 、 12 ?Y ) 經(jīng)一定時(shí)間,手臂伸縮缸上的碰塊碰到行程開(kāi)關(guān) 4ST,4ST 閉合,中間繼電器 4K 得電,其常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)閉合,電磁鐵 9Y 得電,實(shí)現(xiàn)手指張開(kāi)。 1 手臂前伸( 5 ?Y 、 12 ?Y ) 其過(guò)程同 7。 1 手臂反轉(zhuǎn)( 1 ?Y 、 8 ?Y ) 拔定位銷(xiāo)銷(xiāo)后,壓力繼電器 KP 發(fā)訊,行程開(kāi)關(guān) 11ST 閉合,中間繼電器 10K 得電,其常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)閉合,電磁鐵 8Y 得電,實(shí)現(xiàn)手臂反轉(zhuǎn)。 ⑸ 手臂定位與手臂回轉(zhuǎn)由繼電器互鎖。 手腕回轉(zhuǎn)缸 當(dāng)手指夾著工件,手腕旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),液壓缸需克服的摩檫力矩最大。 定位缸 f= G? = 5000=500N D=PF?4 =pf?4 =45004 ??? = 根據(jù)液壓行業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),圓整為 20mm.,查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》 P 28617? 選 HSG 型液壓缸。在壓力油作用下,唇邊對(duì)耦合面產(chǎn)生較大的接觸壓力,從而達(dá)到密封的目的。 當(dāng)手臂伸縮、手臂升降時(shí),大、小泵同時(shí)供油。 V=4 pq =4( +) = 根據(jù)液壓行業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),圓整為 V=500L 作介質(zhì) —— 液壓油 液壓系統(tǒng)對(duì)工作介質(zhì)的要求: 有適當(dāng)?shù)恼扯群土己玫恼硿靥匦裕? 氧化安定性好和剪切安定性好; 抗乳化性、抗泡沫性好; 能防火、防爆; 有良好的潤(rùn)滑性和防腐蝕性,不腐蝕金屬和密封件; 對(duì)人體無(wú)害,成本低。 對(duì)精度要求較高的系統(tǒng),還需要進(jìn)行液壓沖擊,換向性能等方面的驗(yàn)算。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it recei