【正文】 iting a short novel. ? was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens. ▲ 在概念上， “抽象 、習(xí)慣” ,不定式表“ 具體 、偶然、將來(lái)” . *Swimming (抽象） is my favourite sport and I like swimming(習(xí)慣） every day, but I don’t like to swim(具體） today, I would like to swim(將來(lái)） tomorrow. ▲ ，只能用作狀語(yǔ) . ? The platform having been built will be used to perform on. ? platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ ? 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the puter needs repairing. 作 定 語(yǔ) 作 狀 語(yǔ) D.▲ ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后） 。s try doing the work some other way. ?⑥ mean to do (意思是 ) 打算做某事 mean doing意味著做某事 . ： Revolution means librating the productive force． Sorry ,I didn39。 it39?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示事物本身的特點(diǎn)，主語(yǔ)通常是事物。 ?如： I need a pen to write with． (可看成： to write with the pen) ? She now has nothing to worry about． (可看成： to worry about nothing) (2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 ? *現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 ?如： I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment ． ? (看到他時(shí)他正從自行車上掉下來(lái)。 ) ? I felt a great weight taken off my mind. ? (重?fù)?dān)被卸下來(lái)了， a great weight和 taken off是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 ? 如： I got up only to find it was raining outside ． (起來(lái)時(shí)沒(méi)有料到在下雨。 )“疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞 +to do”的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句。t decided to stay at school or to go home. ? (2)在下列句型中不定式符號(hào) to常省去。也可以不帶 to。s impossible for him to move such a big stone ． The question is too hard for a little child to answer． ? *但表示性質(zhì)的 adj (good， nice, kind, rude, polite, impolite, clever, wise, stupid,silly, foolish, right, wrong)等而用介詞 of。ll have a field trip tomorrow ． ? Mother being in， I had to stay at home to look after her． ? *但有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)屬習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)可以不一致。s worth while + doing ? * Would you mind + doing ...? ? * Would you like/care + to do ...? ? * ... have no choice but + to do..../.., do nothing but + do ? * ... too...+ to do ? * ... need/want/require + doing ? * ... be used to + doing(習(xí)慣做－－ ) ? * ... have sb + do /have sb(sth) + doing have sth + done ? * ... happened + to do 即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)⑹ ? 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： ? 1) The flu is believed________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. ? 2) When first_________ (introduce) the market, these products enjoyed great success. ? 3) Helen had to shout _______ (make) herself _______ (hear) above the sound of the music. ? 4) When ______(pare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. ? 5) You were silly not__________ (lock) your car. to be caused introduced to make heard pared to have locked ? 6) Victor apologized his_______ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan. ? 7) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_________ (exhaust). ? 8) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief__________ (catch). ? 9) Generally______ (speak), When _____(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ? 10) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ (play) in making the earth a better place______ (live). not being exhausted being caught speaking taken to play to play ? 11 ) Though_______ (lack) money, his parents managed______ (send) him to university. ? 12) How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers? ? The key________ (solve) the problem is _______(meet) the demand ________(make) by the customers. ? 13) With a lot of difficult problems__________ (settle), the newlyelected president is having a hard time. ? 14) _____ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late___ (clear) up the river. ? 15) Do let your mother____(know) all the truth. She appears__________ (tell) everything. lacking to send to solving to meet made to settle Having suffered to clear know to have been told ? 16) Sandy could do nothing but______ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. ? 17) Mr. Reed made up his mind ________(devote) all he had to_____ (set) up some schools for poor children. ? 18) One learns a language by______ (make) mistakes and________ (correct) them. ? 19) I39。m at a loss which_______ (buy). ? 23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_________ (pay) by the hour. ? 24) What worried the child most was his__________ (not allow) visit his mother in the hospital ? 25 ) He claimed__________________ (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. Given to recover to choose to buy paid not being allowed to have badly treated ? 26) _______ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never__________ (break). ? 27) While_______ (shop), people sometimes can39。 如： He was the last to leave the classroom ． ? *如果 understand， realize, know用在 begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用 to do。s clever of him to do so． It39。