【正文】 0? to film, chin adjusted so that head is rotated 45? oblique with the couch, side of interest down, downside mastoid region centered to film. ? Film: HD 18x24 cm ? CP: 7 – 10 cm posterior, and cm inferior to upside EAM to exit through downside mastoid process. ? CR: 12? cephalic. 19 Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law for mastoids) ?B For advanced pathology of mastoids. Patient prone or erect, each auricle taped forward, head in lateral, then rotated 15? oblique toward the film, IPL 90? to couch, side of interest down. Film: HD 18x24 cm CP: Exit downside mastoid tip (1 inch posterior, cm posterior, cm superior to upside EAM). CR: 15? caudal 20 Tangential Superoinferior (Axial) (nasal bones) ?S For fractures of the nasal bones. Patient prone or in the erect sitting, chin extended and rested on cassette, angle support under film, glabelloalvolar line (GAL) 90? to cassette, long narrow cone used Film: HD 18x24 cm (or occlusal film). CP: Naison (parallel to GAL). CR: Angle as needed to ensure CR is parallel to GAL. 21 Submentovertex (SMV) ?S 22 For base of the skull (Basilar view), occipital bone, mandible, foramen ovale and foramen magnum, TMJs, orbits, zygomatic arches, sphenoidal, maxillary sinuses and mastoid processes. Patient supine or erect sitting, chin raised, neck hyperextended till IOML is parallel to film, MSP 90? to couch top. A pillow under patient’s back allows for sufficient extension. Film: HD 24x30 cm. CP: Midway between angles of mandible (2 cm anterior to level of EAMs). CR: 90? to IOML. Submentovertex (SMV) (for mandible) ?S 23 For s, neoplastic, or inflammatory processes of the mandible. Patient supine or erect sitting, chin raised, neck hyperextended till IOML is parallel to film, MSP 90? to couch top. A pillow under patient’s back allows for sufficient extension. Film: HD 18x24 cm CP: Midway between angles of mandible (4 cm inferior to mandibular symphysis). CR: 90? to IOML. ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHY (tomography of the mandible) ?S 24 For s of the mandible and TM joint. Tube and film attached at starting position, chin rest raised to same level as patient’s chin, chin rested on a sterile bite block, patient as close as possible to the tube stand, chin adjusted until IOML is parallel with the floor, occlusal plane decli