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The only method is to give the child more help.(不定式) I must be off now.(副詞) The bridge is under construction.(介詞短語(yǔ)) That would be a great weight off my mind.(詞組) This is why he was late.(從句) 所有的系動(dòng)詞都可接形容詞作表語(yǔ),此處略舉數(shù)例。 此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞 , 表示 “ (存在 )有某事物 ” 。 如 : 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 基本句型二 :SVP (主+系+表 ) 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn) : 句子 謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思 , 必須加上 一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合 謂語(yǔ) , 才能表達(dá)完整的意思 。 掌握這五種基本句型 , 是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ) 。 ? 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. (名詞) ? 2) He is always careless. (形容詞) ? 3) The basketball match is on. (副詞) ? 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. (介詞短語(yǔ)) 賓語(yǔ) :表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面 . ? 1) Wang Ling give me a book to read in the bus.(雙賓語(yǔ)) ? 2) The medicine is good for this boy. ? 3) Do you understand what I mean? 定語(yǔ) :是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子,漢語(yǔ)中常用‘ ?? 的’表示。句子成分 英語(yǔ)的基本成分有八種: 主語(yǔ)( subject) 謂語(yǔ)( predicate) 賓語(yǔ)( object) 表語(yǔ)( predicative) 定語(yǔ)( attribute) 狀語(yǔ) (adverbial) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (plement) 同位語(yǔ)( appositive) 主語(yǔ) : 是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。 ? Mary is a chemistry teacher.(名詞作定語(yǔ)) ? He is our friend. (代詞作定語(yǔ)) ? He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞作定語(yǔ)) ? The man over there is my old friend. (副詞作定語(yǔ) ) 狀語(yǔ) : 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說(shuō)明 方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 一 : S V (主+謂 ) 二 : S V P (主+系+表 ) 三 : S V O (主+謂+賓 ) 四 : S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓 ) 五 : S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) ) 基本句型 一 :SV (主+謂 ) 主語(yǔ) : 可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞 , 主格代詞 , 動(dòng)詞不定式 , 動(dòng)名詞等等 。 這類 動(dòng)詞 叫做 連系動(dòng)詞 。 試比較 : There is a boy there. (那兒有一個(gè)男孩 ) 前一個(gè) there無(wú)實(shí)意 , 后一個(gè) there為副詞 ‘ 那里 ’ 。 Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. Do you feel cold? You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ being/ getting cold. He often went hungry. : appear, seem, get, prove, remain, turn out等 。 His report was surpri sing/ disappointing/delighting/moving/ astonishing… The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished。 1. 對(duì) get 的考查 get 表示狀態(tài)的改變 , 意為 “ 變成 , 變得 , 做成 ” , 它后面可以接形容詞 、 ving 形式 、 過(guò)去分詞等 。所以正確答案是 C ?!? 三 . 對(duì)表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞的考查 常見(jiàn)的有 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie ( 處于某種狀態(tài) ) , stand ( 處于某種狀態(tài) ) 等 。 ① She appeared rather upset about something. 看來(lái)有些什么事使她心煩 。所以正確答案分別是 B 和 C 。 7. 對(duì) taste 的考查 taste 在使用時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) , 含義是 “ 嘗起來(lái) , 有某種特殊的味道 ” , 一般接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 。 well B. bad。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜歡看書。 用 for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者, 表示為了某人,替某人 。 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) : 位于 賓語(yǔ)之后 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分 。如: 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are … 過(guò)去有 there was/were… 將來(lái)有 there will be… ; there is /are going to be... 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be … 鞏固練習(xí): 1.這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 10.鈴響了。 ? 數(shù)詞 作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞: ? Two boys need two pens./兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 ? 副詞 作定語(yǔ): ? The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 也可以理解為‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此時(shí) in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),最好寫做: In the classroom, the boy calls the girl. ? 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) : In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支鋼筆。(表示伴隨狀態(tài)) ? Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè),男孩需要一支筆。 ? 分詞(短語(yǔ)) 作定語(yǔ):