研究設(shè)計(jì)之測量(完整版)
【正文】 some justification if not based on mon literature or policy. 指標(biāo)化：例子 Social Status Education Ine Occupation Numbers of school years pleted Cross family ine last year Blue collar, white collar, or professional Political Participation Voting Campaign contribution Attend political rally ―Did you vote in the last…‖ ―Did you contribute to …‖ ―Have you attended a …‖ Concept Variable Operational Definition In the sample article? Communication Performance Conceptualization Nominal Definition (Variables) Operational Definition (Indicators) Instrumentation External Communication Performance Reverse: 從問題 /數(shù)據(jù)到概念？ ? ―How many times a week do you drink an alcoholic beverage?‖ 1. None 2. 1~2 3. 3~5 4. 5~7 5. 7~10 6. 10 ? Percentage of a nation’s population that is literate ? ―I often feel lonely‖ 1. agree 2. disagree ? ―number of hours of sleep each night‖ ? ―number of trips taken abroad each year by presidents‖ 指標(biāo)與概念的不完全契合 概念 指標(biāo) 2 指標(biāo) 3 指標(biāo) 5 指標(biāo) 4 指標(biāo) 1 Level of Measurement 1. ―How many times a week do you drink an alcoholic beverage?‖ 1. 1. None 2. 1~2 3. 3~5 4. 5~7 5. 7~10 6. 10 2. ―How many times a week do you drink an alcoholic beverage?‖ _____ 3. ―Do you think you are addicted to alcohol? 1. Yes 2. No 4. ―I am alcoholic.‖ 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Neutral 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree Precision/Level of Measurement ? Nominal Measures（ 定類） exhaustive and mutual exclusive categories。 c) shared。 reliability and validity ? systematic。 ? Ratios Measures（ 定比） Interval measures。研究設(shè)計(jì)之 測量 School of Public Administration amp。 the zero point has a true meaning (absence of the characteristic being measured) Level of Measurement Level of Measurement 選擇測量層次 ? 如果可能，選擇定比 /定距 ? 受其他因素影響 – 變量本身的特點(diǎn) – 敏感性（如收入） – 信度與效度 Practices ? You have data on the annual salary of 200
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