【正文】 ? Transaction state ? Lazy materialization 2020/11/4 59 Shanghai Jiaotong University Problem: How to map classes to data in a RDB ? Solution (Representing objects as tables): define a table for each persistent class ? Each attribute bees a column ? New problem: How to deal with plex attributes (see “Representing object relationships as Tables”) 2020/11/4 60 Shanghai Jiaotong University 對象表示為表模式 2020/11/4 61 Ma n u f a c t u r e rn a m ec i t y. . .. . .n a m e c i t yN o w amp。t know or want to describe the details of how the Jess rule engine works, but just want to show collaboration with it. UML notation : UML path name to indicate packaging onPropertyEvent(s, , total) PropertyListener Shanghai Jiaotong University 簡單包和子系統(tǒng) ?某些包就是子系統(tǒng) ? Persistence, POSRuleEngine,… ?某些包只是對象集合 ? Pricing Package 2020/11/4 24 Shanghai Jiaotong University 外觀 ? 訪問代表子系統(tǒng)的包的方法最常用的模式就是外觀模式 ? 外觀一般不能暴露太多的低層操作 ? 外觀經(jīng)常是下層子系統(tǒng)對象的協(xié)調(diào)器 2020/11/4 25 171。interface187。interface187。Shanghai Jiaotong University 第 11講 . 架構(gòu)與其他模式 Cao Jian CIT Lab, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai Jiaotong University 內(nèi)容 ?架構(gòu)分析 ?邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)精化與分層模式 ?其它模式 2020/11/4 2 Shanghai Jiaotong University 架構(gòu)分析的意義 ?降低在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中丟失某些重要因素的風險 ?避免在低優(yōu)先級的問題上花費過多的精力 ?有助于產(chǎn)品與業(yè)務(wù)目標的一致 2020/11/4 3 Shanghai Jiaotong University 何時開始架構(gòu)分析 ?早期工作中就要識別和解決架構(gòu)問題 ?架構(gòu)分析和早期開發(fā)活動并行 2020/11/4 4 Shanghai Jiaotong University 變化點和進化點 ?變化點：當前現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)或需求中的變化之處 ?進化點：現(xiàn)有需求中不存在，但可能在將來發(fā)生，推測性的變化點 2020/11/4 5 Shanghai Jiaotong University 架構(gòu)分析 ?架構(gòu)分析 是在功能性需求（例如銷售處理）的語境中，識別和處理系統(tǒng)的非功能性需求（例如安全需求等）的活動。 ICreditAuthorization ServiceAdapter ServiceAccess Inventory 171。 IInventoryAdapter Jess POSRuleEngine POSRuleEngineFacade SOAP Shanghai Jiaotong University 2020/11/4 22 Log4J Technical Services Domain Presentation Jess Persistence POSRuleEngine Inventory Payments ServiceAccess Pricing Sales Text Swing SOAP Hide the specific types and focus on illustrating the packagepackage coupling Shanghai Jiaotong University 層內(nèi)和包間交互場景 2020/11/4 23 : Domain:: Sales:: Register :Cashier : Presentation:: Swing:: Process SaleFrame enterItem (id, qty) 171。subsystem187。 Z e n Mu mb a iMA N U F A C T U R E R T A B L E: Ma n u f a c t u r e rn a m e = N o w amp。 // hook method return getObjectFromRecord( oid, dbRec )。 return ps。 dbRec = SQL execution result of: Select * from + tableName + where key = + key return dbRec。constructor187。 Z e n M u m b a iM A N U F A C T U R E R T A B L E: M a n u f a c t u r e rc i t y = M u m b a in a m e = N o w amp。subsystem187。 : Tech Services:: Persistence:: Persistence Facade spec := getProduct Spec(id) x := isInvalid (lineItem, sale) spec := getObject(...,id) 171。 IInventoryAdapter Jess A general purpose third party rules engine. POSRuleEngine POSRuleEngineFacade SOAP not the Java Swing libraries, but our GUI classes based on Swing Shanghai Jiaotong University 層內(nèi)耦合和包間耦合 2020/11/4 21 Log4J Technical Services Domain Presentation Pricing Persistence DBFacade Taxes 171。ade, Strategy Pattern ? Idioms ? Language or implementationoriented lowlevel design solutions: Singleton pattern 2020/11/4 15 Shanghai Jiaotong University : 分層 Shanghai Jiaotong University (1)問題 ?在應(yīng)用中，哪一個部分最容易改變 ? ? Interface? ? Application logic? 2020/11/4 17 Shanghai Jiaotong University (2)解決方案 ?將大型系統(tǒng)的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)分成具有各個包含內(nèi)部相關(guān)責任的層 . ?層內(nèi)耦合 2020/11/4 18 Shanghai Jiaotong University Pr e sen ta ti on( A K A I n t e r f a c e , U I , V i e w )A p p l i ca ti o n( A K A W o r k f l o w , P r o c e s s ,M e d i a t i o n , A p p C o n t r o l l e r )D o m ai n (s)( A K A B u s i n e s s ,B u s i n e s s S e r v i c e s , M o d e l )T ec hni ca l S er vi ces( A K A T e c h n i c a l I n f r a s t r u c t u r e ,H i g h l e v e l T e c h n i c a l S e r v i c e s )F o u n da ti o n( A K A C o r e S e r v i c e s , B a s e S e r v i c e s ,L o w l e v e l T e c h n i c a l S e r v i c e s / I n f r a s t r u c t u r e )? G U I w i n d o w s? r e p o r t s? s p e e c h i n t e r f a c e? H T M L , X M L , X S L T , J S P , J a v a s c r i p t , . . .? h a n d l e s p r e s e n t a t i o n l a y e r r e q u e s t s? w o r k f l o w? s e s s i o n s t a t e? w i n d o w / p a g e t r a n s i t i o n s? c o n s o l i d a t i o n / t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f d i s p a r a t ed a t a f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n? h a n d l e s a p p l i c a t i o n l a y e r r e q u e s t s? i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f d o m a i n r u l e s? d o m a i n s e r v i c e s (P O S , I n v e n t o r y) s e r v i c e s m a y b e u s e d b y j u s t o n ea p p l i c a t i o n , b u t t h e r e i s a l s o t h e p o s s i b i l i t yo f m u l t i a p p l i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s? ( r e l a t i v e l y ) h i g h l e v e l t e c h n i c a l s e r v i c e sa n d f r a m e w o r k s? P e r s i s t e n c e, S e c u r i t y? l o w l e v e l t e c h n i c a l s e r v i c e s , u t i l i t i e s ,a n d f r a m e w o r k s? d a t a s t r u c t u r e s , t h r e a d s , m a t h ,f i l e , D B , a n d n e t w o r k I / Om o r ea p ps p e c i f i cB u si n ess I n fra s tru ctu re( A K A L o w l e v e l B u s i n e s s S e r v i c e s )? v e r y g e n e r a l l o w l e v e l b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e su s e d i n m a n y b u s i n e s s d o m a i n s? C u r r e n c y C o n v e r t e r2020/11/4 19 Shanghai Jiaotong University 2020/11/4 20 Log4J Technical Services Domain Presentation Pricing PricingStrategy Factory Text ProcessSale Conso