電大社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)考試小抄【名詞解釋部分】(1)(完整版)
【正文】 互獨(dú)立，且都服從同一的正態(tài)分布 N (μ ， σ 2)?？傮w均值和總體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 (或方差 )是反映總體分布特征最重要的兩個(gè)總體參數(shù)，習(xí)慣上分別記作μ和σ (或σ 2)。 14．中位數(shù) 把總體單位某一數(shù)量標(biāo)志的各個(gè)數(shù)值，按大小順序排列，位于正中處的變量值即為中位數(shù)。是在樹(shù)立統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)派之后發(fā)展起來(lái)的，屬于比較現(xiàn)代的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法。由于把概率論引進(jìn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)，使社會(huì)隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象數(shù)量方面的研究提高了準(zhǔn)確性。人們既用它來(lái)分析已經(jīng)發(fā)生和正在發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象，也用它來(lái)估計(jì)預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)可能發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象。該學(xué)派“用數(shù)字、重量、尺度來(lái)表達(dá)自己想說(shuō)的問(wèn)題”，雖然沒(méi)有使用統(tǒng)計(jì) 學(xué)這一名詞，但所使用的社會(huì)宏觀數(shù)量對(duì)比和分析方法揭示了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)所要研究的內(nèi)容，因此歷史上人們將這一學(xué)派稱為“有實(shí)無(wú)名”學(xué)派。 7．描述性統(tǒng)計(jì) 描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)，就是討論范圍僅以搜索的資料本身為限，而不予以擴(kuò)大。 13．總體和總體單位 總體，就是作為統(tǒng)計(jì)研究對(duì)象的、由許多具有共性的單位構(gòu)成 的整體。 能允許犯第一類錯(cuò)誤的概率叫做檢驗(yàn)的顯著性水平，它 決定了否定域的大小。 超幾何分布的數(shù)學(xué)期望 μ ＝ NnK ， 方差 σ 2＝)1( ))(( ??? NN KKNnNn 24．泊松分布 泊松分布為離散型隨機(jī)變量的概率分布，隨機(jī)變量為樣本內(nèi)成功事件的次數(shù)。其中，分子上的自由度 1k 叫做第一自由度，分母上的自由度 2k 叫做第二自由度。 配對(duì)樣本的一實(shí)驗(yàn)組與一控制組之假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)，要設(shè)法把實(shí)驗(yàn)變量的作用和額外變量的作用區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，然后就像對(duì)待單一實(shí)驗(yàn)組實(shí)驗(yàn)一樣，把問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為零假設(shè)μ d＝ 0的單樣本檢驗(yàn)來(lái)處理。在統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)中，通常把被檢驗(yàn)的那個(gè)假設(shè)稱為零假設(shè) (或稱原假設(shè)，用符號(hào) H0表示 )，并用它和其他備擇假設(shè) (用符號(hào) H1表示 )相對(duì)比。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to e rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Children39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heav
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