【正文】 ........................... 7 計(jì)算依據(jù) ........................................................................................................................ 7 計(jì)劃任務(wù) ........................................................................................................................ 7 電解槽選型 .................................................................................................................... 7 物料衡算 ........................................................................................................................ 8 第四章 電解液蒸發(fā) ............................................ 11 蒸發(fā)概論 ......................................................................................................................... 11 堿液蒸發(fā)的基本概念 .................................................................................................. 11 離子膜堿液蒸發(fā)的特點(diǎn) .............................................................................................. 11 蒸發(fā)流程及設(shè)備類(lèi)型選擇 ............................................................................................. 11 蒸發(fā)流程 ...................................................................................................................... 11 蒸發(fā)設(shè)備 ...................................................................................................................... 13 蒸發(fā)工藝計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................. 14 蒸發(fā)水量的計(jì)算 .......................................................................................................... 14 各效傳熱溫度差的計(jì)算 .............................................................................................. 15 各效物料、熱量衡算 .................................................................................................. 17 各效所需傳熱面積的計(jì)算 .......................................................................................... 19 試差計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................................... 19 第五章 固堿工藝 .............................................. 25 固堿流程選擇 ................................................................................................................. 25 固堿熱量、物料衡算 ..................................................................................................... 25 降膜蒸發(fā)器 .................................................................................................................. 25 降膜濃縮器 .................................................................................................................. 26 離子膜固堿種類(lèi) ............................................................................................................. 27 第六章 主要設(shè)備選型和設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 29 電解槽選型及依據(jù) ......................................................................................................... 29 蒸發(fā)設(shè)備的計(jì)算 ............................................................................................................. 31 蒸發(fā)器加熱管數(shù)及加熱室直徑的計(jì)算 ...................................................................... 31 蒸發(fā)器循環(huán)管的計(jì)算 .................................................................................................. 32 蒸發(fā)器分離室的計(jì)算 .................................................................................................. 32 接管尺寸的計(jì)算 .......................................................................................................... 33 結(jié)論 .......................................................... 35 致謝 ............................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。 關(guān)鍵詞： 精制鹽水；離子膜；燒堿；蒸發(fā)器 II The Process Design of Caustic Soda Based on 100kt/a Abstract: Making caustic soda by ionic membrane is the rise of new technologies in chloralkali industry. This paper introduces the characteristics of ionic membrane caustic soda, and by pared existing production method, determines the advantages in the development space of ionic membrane caustic soda. This paper will system introduced the production technology of ionic membrane caustic soda, and the salt water refining, electrolysis, evaporation ,flake caustic section has made the process flow design and choice. On the base of one hundred thousand tons per year production requirements, the calculation of material balance will provide the basis for choosing electrolytic bath. The calculation of material and energy balance for alkali liquor evaporation section determine the dosage of alkali liquor and vapor. Base on consulting journals and literatures, the most advanced and suitable Chlorine engineering n BiTA electrolytic bath has been selected . In the evaporation section according to the requirements of the alkali liquor evaporation concentration from 32% to piece of alkali design can meet the needs of the evaporation of doubleeffect countercurrent evaporation process, at the same time the process can meet the needs of evaporation section. According to the calculation of the data , a set of evaporation chamber as the diameter of m, m high, heating chamber for the outside diameter of m high, 4 m forced circulation evaporator has been designed . Finally, according to calculation result and literature by reference to 93 standard, the technology flow chart with control points and equipment has been draw in this design. Key words: refined salt。本次設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)電解、蒸發(fā)、片堿工段作了工藝流程的選擇，并結(jié)合氯堿 工業(yè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)蒸發(fā)工段作了物料衡算、熱量衡算以及主體設(shè)備的選型和設(shè)計(jì)，確定了在所選工藝下的鹽水耗用量，蒸汽耗量，主體設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)。隔膜法在國(guó)內(nèi)外均廣泛采用，該法早期為石墨陽(yáng)極電解槽，在組裝電槽中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量鉛和瀝青煙霧，在操作中會(huì)生成石棉絨堿性污水和石棉絨粉塵，同時(shí)該法能耗非常大，因此從 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代國(guó)內(nèi)外開(kāi)始用金屬陽(yáng)極電槽取代石墨陽(yáng)極電槽。由于堿液濃度高、純度高，大大減少了蒸汽的消耗，同時(shí)電解工段的電耗和循環(huán)水耗也大幅度降低，離子膜法比隔膜法總能耗低 30％以上。離子膜法生產(chǎn)彈性較大，電槽能適應(yīng)電流負(fù)荷的較大幅度變化，迅速調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)荷；同時(shí)離子膜法開(kāi) 停車(chē)安全方便，操作維修簡(jiǎn)單，同時(shí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低 ??3 。制得質(zhì)量合格的精鹽水，按需要源源不斷地輸送給電解工段。硅含量絕對(duì)不能超標(biāo)，如鈣、鎂離子比值等于 1 時(shí)，需根據(jù)實(shí)際含鈣、鎂離子的量，適當(dāng)加入鈣化合物以補(bǔ)充鈣離子量，使鈣、鎂離子比值達(dá)到 1 以上。5) g/L之內(nèi)，粗鹽水中 NaCl 的質(zhì)量濃度應(yīng)控制在 (307177。精鹽水流量 應(yīng)穩(wěn)定，不能忽快忽慢。所以要求精制劑必須配制合格，液體溫度應(yīng)控制在 60～65℃ 。炭素管的微孔平