【正文】 )，包括導(dǎo)游調(diào)控可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)。例如，行為守則通常是自愿的，只是由于它們很難執(zhí)行。安排專業(yè)認(rèn)證資格和水平的認(rèn)可則是 卓越的表彰和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) 的其他方式。在這些領(lǐng)域中中國有很多的先進(jìn)措施，這為提供全球治理模式來指導(dǎo)旅游以提高可持續(xù)發(fā)展成為可能。當(dāng)碰到一些相當(dāng)慷慨的旅行團(tuán)，就足以支付頭費(fèi)，并獲得良好的生 活。 許多有旅游專業(yè)的大學(xué)也設(shè)立當(dāng)?shù)芈糜尾块T旅 游導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)或組織獨(dú)立的培訓(xùn)課程，主要是針對(duì)資格考試的培訓(xùn)。 培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容包括政治思想和職業(yè)道德，更新的政策和法規(guī)，導(dǎo)游業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)和技能。 反過來，這些也奠定了執(zhí)行整個(gè)行業(yè)最低導(dǎo)游標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)。導(dǎo)游又一次對(duì)旅游起到了指導(dǎo)性的作 用，他可以監(jiān)測(cè)訪客的行為，并且能夠起到榜樣作用。 因此，中國在實(shí)現(xiàn)最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀的系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)在很大程度上忽略了導(dǎo)游的角色，尤其是那些諸如環(huán)境的保護(hù)和監(jiān)測(cè)。獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀的導(dǎo)游，在理論上導(dǎo)游分級(jí)制度就是要獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)卓越的導(dǎo)游。 作為一個(gè)質(zhì)量保證機(jī)制，培訓(xùn)具有很大的潛力，但是伴隨著中國的其他一些舉措，許多培訓(xùn)并不通過有關(guān)的研究和理論，而是把導(dǎo)游的角色相對(duì)于可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)而言的。 導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)通常在三個(gè)層面上發(fā)表。因此，導(dǎo)游與旅行社的關(guān)系類似于企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)交易，而不是一個(gè)雇主與雇員的雇傭合約。 （ 2）導(dǎo)游證 在中國導(dǎo)游許可是獨(dú)立于資格審查過程中的 ,盡管后者是與導(dǎo)游密切相關(guān)的許可，為準(zhǔn)備階段服務(wù)。行為規(guī)范、專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、追求卓越、培訓(xùn)、認(rèn)證和許可證所有這些的目的在于 增加產(chǎn)業(yè)導(dǎo)向的信譽(yù)和指導(dǎo)地位。 尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)指導(dǎo)的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)酒店和旅游行業(yè)質(zhì)量保證已經(jīng)是旅游研究的主題，擁有研究生水平的論文和學(xué)術(shù)文章的全部期刊專門討論這個(gè)問題。 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，中國的綜合監(jiān)管 體系，特別是其認(rèn)證和許可證制度 ， 比較可能推薦給其他國家 。 Yu, 2020), but generally these have simply pointed to the importance of quality assurance rather than how to achieve it. Of most relevance to this paper is the work of Black and Weiler (2020), who underpin their analysis by ?rst presenting a research basis for determining what constitutes “quality” in tour guiding .They then review A range of quality assurance and regulatory mechanisms that have the potential to enhance tour guide performance, including codes of conduct, professional associations, awarding for excellence, training, professional certi?cation and licensing. Furthermore, Black and Weiler present a matrix for examining quality assurance mechanisms in relation to a number of Characteristics or criteria, including whether the mechanism is pulsory or voluntary. For 3 example, codes of conduct are usually voluntary, simply because they are difficult to enforce, while training and licensing can be pulsory。 Buswell , 2020)and whole journals devoted to the subject. That said, the vast majority of what has been researched and written about quality assurance focuses on service in the hospitality, hotel and airline industries and has limited relevance to tour Guiding and to sustainable development. Moreover, an examination of quality assurance in a nonwestern context is rare. Several researchers have touched on the issue of quality assurance in tour guiding (Apamp。 sustainability。 Issaverdis, 1998, 2020。Devlin,1996。 Raise the awareness of the importance of quality guiding. Code of conduct, professional associations, awards for excellence, training, certi?cation and licensing all aim to increase the credibility and status of guiding among guides and the industry generally. A description and evaluation of China’s tour guiding quality assurance system Although tour guiding quality has been one of the major issues on CNTA’s policy agendas and both CNTA and local tourism authorities have expended considerable effort regulating tour guiding practices and maintaining tour guiding quality, this has not been systematically documented and reported in the public domain. Since the early 1980s, China’s policies on tour guiding have seen a gradual evolution and transition. The policy transition and periodical changes could well re?ect the rapid change of Chinese society at large, or more speci?cally the development of the tourism industry. However, tour guiding remains a highly regulated profession in China. Professional certi?cation, licensing and training of tour guides Black and Weiler (2020) describe professional certi?cation, licensing and training as relatively powerful mechanisms for ensuring quality tour guiding. China has a number of welladvanced initiatives in these areas which may well offer global models f