【正文】 f urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個方面［ 1～ 4］。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。 但過去因 5 軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價格要比 3 軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯(lián)動機(jī)床的發(fā)展。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。 關(guān)于數(shù)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 數(shù)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。美國的 STEP Tools 公司是全球范圍內(nèi)制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機(jī)床加工信息交換的超級模型 (Super Model)，其目標(biāo)是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。而在新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下， NC 程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。德國 DMG 公司展出 DMUVoution 系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下實(shí)現(xiàn) 5 面加工和 5 軸聯(lián)動加工，可由 CNC 系統(tǒng)控制或CAD/CAM 直接或間接控制。在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置 的 MTBF 值已達(dá) 6 000h 以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的 MTBF 值達(dá)到 30000h 以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn) 30 萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。 Open Manufacturing Environment that the pany exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of worked direction. Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal settingup Design the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better mon ability, flexibility, adaptability, expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as . ,European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2020. About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of informationbased development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can39。 (6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry bee the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people39。 (3)Automatic control technology。 The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent manmachine interface ,etc.。 高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢 效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。美國 CINCINNATI 公司的 HyperMach 機(jī)床進(jìn)給速度最大達(dá)60m/min，快速為 100m/min，加速度達(dá) 2g，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達(dá) 60 000r/min。 當(dāng)前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn)，使得實(shí)現(xiàn) 5 軸聯(lián)動加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價格差距縮小。所謂開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)行平臺上，面向機(jī)床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集 成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。數(shù)控技術(shù)誕生后的 50 年間的信 息交換都是基于 ISO6983 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即采用 G， M 代碼描述如何（ how）