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新大地坐標數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯(完整版)

2025-07-11 01:09上一頁面

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【正文】 benefits, there exists several coordinate systems in the same area. They are independent of each other and of no conneetion. It is obvious that local system played important role in the history. With the advances of new technology, local systems blocked the new technology development and GIS can not share graphic applications. Thematicdata. GPS real time nayigation is an impossible mission. Integrated GIS and GPS receivers can not be used for data collection under local systems. The only choices for those new technology and equipment users are, first, not using them and selecting other systems, and second,using the mon points to calculate those factors. This resulted in many different unstandardized factors. Under the new society and technological conditions, new ideas should be introduced into the coordinate management agencies. Local system is reasonable technically but closein management is worth discussing. National defence iS one of the maln reasons for closein management. With the advonces of modern technology,calculation of relationship between systems is not a difficult issue. So it is not realistic to use closein management with those coordinate systems for national defence safety. It is also responsibility for those surveying agencies to provide coordinate factors and make progress of new surveying technology applications. 附錄 B:中文翻譯 新大地坐標數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)的開發(fā) 摘要 :大地坐標基準開發(fā)進行的現(xiàn)狀在中國也存在??紤]到坐標系的重要性 ,開發(fā)出一個具有現(xiàn)代管理方法的高質(zhì)量坐標基準是非常必要的。東部高差達到正負 68m。 A、 B類GPS網(wǎng)分別在 199 1997年建成并投入使用。1m。美國 GPS的實時定位精度為 177。根據(jù)它的計劃 ,Galileo包括 30個衛(wèi)星 ,分為 4個階段。1m,這意味著精度為 177。對于一般用戶來說是不可用的。國家坐標系統(tǒng)和 GNSS的開放轉(zhuǎn)換因子的發(fā)展,尤其是將 GNSS地方坐標因子開放給公眾是必要的。這就要求 GIS軟件具有即時坐標轉(zhuǎn)化的功能。1m的精度。這一高密度 ,高精度的空間大地網(wǎng)可以用作校正國家天文大地網(wǎng)的已知條件。最后 ,出于對地方利益的考慮 ,在同一個地區(qū)也存在著幾種不同的坐標系統(tǒng)。 在新的社會環(huán)境和技術(shù)條件下 ,應該將新的理念引入到坐標管理機構(gòu)。隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ,關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的計算并不是一個困難的問題。 顯而易見的是 ,地方系統(tǒng)在歷史上曾扮演著重要的角色。 由 于許多原因 ,存在著許多地方坐標系統(tǒng)。4 m。傳統(tǒng)的封閉式的坐標管理機制并不能滿足 GIS發(fā)展的需求。作為代表現(xiàn)代地理技術(shù)的參照 ,數(shù)字地球已經(jīng)成為信息和社會的一種趨勢。 GNSS最鮮明的特點是它的實時定位和導航。 現(xiàn)在在我們國家被廣泛使用的坐標系是 1954北京坐標系和 1980西安坐標系 ,地方坐標系也是建立在這兩個系統(tǒng)之上。第二階段是發(fā)展和測試階段 (20202020年 )。作為一個軍事目 的系統(tǒng) ,SA(選擇可用性 ,美國采取的限制定位精度的政策 )在 GPS開發(fā)初期就開始執(zhí)行 ,但是為了滿足他們的經(jīng)濟效益 ,在 2020年 5月份這個政策被廢除。新的參考系統(tǒng)對于我們的航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展、空間數(shù)據(jù)的收集、甚至 ISM(美國供應管理協(xié)會)第十二屆國際會議上真是行為的 實時動態(tài)定位都是可用的。它不僅較先前的系統(tǒng)精確度高 ,而且發(fā)展出了三維坐標 ,在國際發(fā)展上被定義為 ITRF(國際地球參考框架 )框架。 (4)累積誤差大 ,精度小。這個坐標系的坐標原點是前蘇聯(lián)。同時對升級國家天文大地網(wǎng) ,開發(fā)新型的開放式大地坐標基準管理方法的必要性進行了研究。l m due to the restrictions of technologies. So it is urgent to upgrade our astronomic geodetic work with modern surveying technologies. The popularity and applications of global satellite require open coordinate management system. For the historic reason, coordinate management in many areas in our country is still with restriction and coordinate factors are confidential data. It is not available for standard users. Coordinate transferring to control points takes in charge by government agencies. The most distinctive character of GNSS is its real time positioning and navigation. Currently, real time kiic(RTK)surveying requires coordinate factors for data processing in teal time. Post processing can not meet the need of this technology. GNSS is not only single point coordinate surveying. The integration of GPS and GIS is being a trend. Data collected by GPS receivers integrated wit
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