【正文】 t level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite plete precision work equipment, but pared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely mon, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the paratively properly solution for a long time . (4) Specialization, standardization, mercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and plete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the mercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, modity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, pletes the paratively largescale mold plete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence . (5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to pare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement . At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can bee the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprise39。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面，中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。其中低檔模具供過于求，中高檔模具自配率只有 50%左右。 造成上述差距的原因很多，除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視，以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外，還有下列幾個(gè)原因： （ 1）國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠 雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn) 業(yè)政策，但配套政策少，執(zhí)行力度弱。 （ 4）專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低，協(xié)作能力差 由于長(zhǎng)期以來受 “ 大而全 ”“ 小而全 ” 影響，模具專業(yè)化水平低，專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致 ，商品化程度低。因此，放眼未來，國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好，預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展，我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó)，而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)。 （ 4）高速、高精、復(fù)合模具加工技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用。 （ 11）優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品，而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來的產(chǎn)品。 （ 3）大 型精密塑料模具 塑料模具占模具總量近 40%，而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具具有很好的發(fā)展前景。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口，應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，已為中檔轎車配套，但水平還不高，能力不足，目前滿足率只有一半左右。雖然模具種類繁多，但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要，又有較高技術(shù)含量，特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給，需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛 擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開發(fā)、加工過程中的應(yīng)用 （ 7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。我國(guó)模具行業(yè)今后仍需提高的共性技術(shù)有： （ 1）建立在 CAD/CAE 平臺(tái)上的先進(jìn)模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)，提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化、信息化、智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平。 （ 5）模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后 模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本，國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠，科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收，導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面 投入太少，致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大，進(jìn)展不快。 2020 年，模具進(jìn)出口之比為 :1，進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá) 億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。從地區(qū)分布來看，以珠江三角洲和長(zhǎng)江三角洲為中心的東南沿海 地區(qū)發(fā)展快于中西部地區(qū)，南方的發(fā)展快于北方。中國(guó)雖然很早就開始制造 模具和使用模具，但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。s development also quite rapid . Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but pares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, largescale,plex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country stil