【正文】 , even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brandnew design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods e into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brandnew method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the parison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people 東北大學(xué)秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 35 頁 adapts them to operate. Designs personnel39。 ： 通過 TRIBON 制圖軟件與大學(xué)四年的 CAD 應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，繪制了護(hù)理床零件以及整體的三維視圖。 三維仿真視圖 首先需要根據(jù)床面尺寸建立護(hù)理床基本床面單元視圖。國可以直接將船體結(jié)構(gòu)作為艙室布置的甲板。 管系設(shè)計(jì)包括管系原理設(shè)計(jì) (General Diagrams)、管路建模 (Pipe Modelling)、生產(chǎn)信息提取 ( Outfitting Lists)等模塊。該模塊用于存儲(chǔ)整個(gè)炯裝系統(tǒng)的部件信息，并負(fù)責(zé)建立、修改和維護(hù)這些數(shù)據(jù)信息。 東北大學(xué)秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 26 頁 4 三維仿真設(shè)計(jì) 上文已經(jīng)給出了關(guān)于多功能護(hù)理床造型設(shè)計(jì)以及零件尺寸。 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu)中零件設(shè)計(jì)與校核 連桿的設(shè)計(jì) 連桿一： 300mm，連桿二： 150mm，直徑 25mm， 45 鋼經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)處理。 螺桿穩(wěn)定性校核 因坐起螺桿和曲腿螺桿柔度 40?s? 故不必進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性校核，只校核翻身機(jī)構(gòu)中的螺桿。 螺紋長度的確定 由前面電動(dòng)機(jī)選擇過程中求電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)算出的數(shù)據(jù)： 翻身螺桿導(dǎo)程為 3000mm，螺紋選 350mm，據(jù)床的整體機(jī)構(gòu)確定螺桿總長度 500mm，材料選用 45 鋼。 dm為支撐面平均直徑， dm=d2=20mm。 軸的計(jì)算應(yīng)力 ? ? MpaMpaMpaWT 1197000 43322 ???????? ? ? Mp aMp aMp aWT 686000 43333 ???????? 由以上計(jì)算確定軸的材料為 45 鋼，經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)處理。查得 ? ? Mpa1551 ??? ，因此 ca? ? ?1?? ，故安全。 1）轉(zhuǎn)速： 由圖 可知屈膝螺桿導(dǎo)程 1 最短約為 213mm。 床的基本尺寸為 長 寬 高 =2021mm1000mm600mm 左右翻身角度為 0～ 50o 抬背角度為 0～ 80o 大腿翻轉(zhuǎn)角度為 0～ 50o 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 坐起電動(dòng)機(jī) 1）功率 取 t=40s，極限角度 080?? ，轉(zhuǎn)臂角速度： sr ad / 2/2 ?? ?? 轉(zhuǎn)臂 速 度： smtv /0 2 4 3 9 ???? ? 負(fù)載 NT 10002 ? ，則轉(zhuǎn)臂傳遞的功率： smvTP /39。需要曲膝時(shí)，同樣右邊的電動(dòng)工作，通過螺旋傳動(dòng)使得轉(zhuǎn)臂 12 旋轉(zhuǎn)，將床板 3 頂起，達(dá)到曲膝的目的。部件詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，可將構(gòu)件 2 繞機(jī)架 0 旋轉(zhuǎn) 90。所謂變機(jī)架，就是在 D1 和 D2 處分別安置一電磁鐵，通過電磁鐵的交替吸合來實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)架 轉(zhuǎn) 換。 構(gòu)型 b：該機(jī)構(gòu)也是螺旋一連桿組合機(jī)構(gòu)，自由度為 1，有 1 個(gè)原動(dòng)件，具有確定運(yùn)動(dòng)，結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡單，抬背角度大，滾輪與背板之間為高副聯(lián)接。 表 各床板 X向尺寸 各床板的尺寸基 于 GB1000088 常用人體測量數(shù)據(jù)確定 【 9】 。 表 體位調(diào)整類指標(biāo) 指標(biāo)項(xiàng) 具體數(shù)值 左翻身角度 0～ 45o 右翻身角度 0～ 45o 抬背角度 0～ 80o 大腿板翻轉(zhuǎn)角度 0～ 50o 注：以上各項(xiàng)動(dòng)作均可以在設(shè)定 范圍內(nèi)的任意角度隨時(shí)停止。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提供了人體在床的各個(gè)板塊上的重量分布（如圖 所示），護(hù)理床的各個(gè)模 東北大學(xué)秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 9 頁 塊的設(shè)計(jì)均可以此值為準(zhǔn)。這樣不僅節(jié)約了材料、降低了成本而且減小運(yùn)動(dòng)慣性則非常有利于某個(gè)部件的停啟，使護(hù)理床的運(yùn)輸使用成本都有很大的降低。無論是護(hù)理床的結(jié)構(gòu)還是控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，安全性始終是最優(yōu)先考慮的一個(gè)原則。為我國醫(yī)療事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，為廣大人民群眾奔向小康致富之路帶來了又一曙光。各個(gè)公司所開發(fā)的不同型號的護(hù)理床的價(jià)格也有所不同，手動(dòng)的比較便宜大約千元左右，電動(dòng)的貴一些的則需要兩三千左右?，F(xiàn)在普通家庭對于價(jià)格適中的護(hù)理床的需求正日益提高，以前是簡易的記理床，后來加上餐桌和護(hù)欄 ；再后來是加上了排便孔和滑行輪；現(xiàn)在是及多功能于一體的電動(dòng)翻身護(hù)理床。有資料稱，目前我國有老人家庭的 “空巢 率已達(dá) 26． 4％，比 1987 年整整高出了 10 個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，并且這一比例還在逐年加大。據(jù)調(diào)查，在 80 歲以上男性老人中，能自我照 料的只占 ％。 關(guān)鍵詞： 醫(yī)療設(shè)備，護(hù)理床，機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 東北大學(xué)秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 II 頁 The design of multifunctional care bed Author： Li Zhiyao Tutor： Zhao Yuqian Abstract With the speed of population ageing,care services industry has been in the face of and social insurance system is facing unprecedented pressure. Carebeds which serve the old patients are in increasing demand. In reaction to the phenomenon,the basic structure and functional principles of multifunctional carebeds which are designed for those old patients who lack of governance of themselves and those patients who lack of the ability to control their mobility are elaborated in the essay. Much inconvenience in the course of nursing patient can be resolved by the carebeds which can help patients turn over themselves,sit up,bend knees and also spot. This in turn augments nursing service in our country and effectively promotes the development of the cause of our health care . First of all,based on ergonomics,the nursing bed was overall designed in this to the relevant standards and design specifications。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 多 功 能護(hù)理床的設(shè)計(jì) 院 別 自動(dòng)化工程系 專業(yè)名稱 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 班級學(xué)號 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 2021 年 6 月 10 日 東北大學(xué)秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 第 I 頁 多能護(hù)理床的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 隨著人口老齡化速度的加快，護(hù)理業(yè)服務(wù)受到了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，醫(yī)療和社 會(huì)保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)面臨前所未有的壓力 ，因此 為老年患者服務(wù)的護(hù)理型病床的需求正不斷增加。pleted the overall design of the overall framework, carried a leg,carry back parts,turn over parts function them, defecate parts greatly expression of the elderly care. Finally,the bed of all parts of the design the method of