【正文】 art is remended 一般過程 General Process 1. 把任務(wù)分解成可執(zhí)行的若干步 Break tasks into achievable steps. 2. 分配任務(wù) Assign task responsibilities. 3. 設(shè)置里程碑 Set up time frame and milestones. 4. 建立跟蹤過程的文件 Create a document for tracking the progress of the implementation 5. 對(duì)至關(guān)重要的額外信息要評(píng)估 Additional consideration for inclusion in the plan are strategies for municating and gaining mitment, contingency plans, and measures to evaluate the effects 實(shí)施計(jì)劃 Step 3: Contain Problem The Implementation Plan 31 甘特圖 Gantt Chart 實(shí)施計(jì)劃 Step 3: Contain Problem The Implementation Plan ID T a s k N a m e S t a r t F i n i s h R e s o u r c e N a m e s1 L o c a t e p r o d u c t 2 / 1 5 / 0 0 2 / 1 5 / 0 0 M a t e r i a l H a n d l e r2 E v a l u a t e p r o d u c t 2 / 1 6 / 0 0 2 / 1 6 / 0 0 E n g i n e e r i n g3 Sc r e e n p r o d u c t 2 / 1 7 / 0 0 2 / 1 7 / 0 0 Pr o d u c t i o n T e s t e rM a t e r i a l H a n d l e rE n g i n e e r i n gP r o d u c t i o n T e s t e r2 / 1 5 2 / 1 8 2 / 2 1 2 / 2 4eb32 團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng) Step 3: Contain Problem Team Activity 目標(biāo) Goals 1. 選擇遏制措施 ?Select the containment action(s) to be taken 2. 提出必要的計(jì)劃 ?Develop any necessary plans 3. 實(shí)施遏制措施 ?Implement the action(s) 4. 驗(yàn)證遏制措施已經(jīng)被實(shí)施并評(píng)估有效性 ? Verify the containment actions are in place and effective 33 檢查表 Step 3: Contain Problem Checklist 1. 潛在的遏制措施是否被識(shí)別 ? Have potential containment actions been identified? 2. 遏制措施是否被執(zhí)行 ? Have containment actions been implemented? 3. 遏制措施是否能保護(hù)客戶免于此中問題 ? Are the containment actions effective at protecting the customer from defects? 4. 遏制措施是否被評(píng)估 ? Have containment actions been verified? 5. 我們是否找到合適的人員處理下一步工作 ? Do we have the right team members to proceed to the next step? Are we on target? 34 8D Process Step 4 4 定義 /驗(yàn)證根本原因 define Verify Root Causes Containment Problem Describe/ Define Problem Team Setup 8D 35 目的 Step 4: defineand Verify Root Causes Objectives 1. 識(shí)別引起問題的可能原因 ? Identify the probable causes of the problem 2. 選擇根本原因 ? Select the root cause 3. 識(shí)別和澄清潛在的糾正措施 ? Identify and clarify potential corrective actions 36 1. 識(shí)別可能的原因 Identify Probable Causes A. 評(píng)估客戶的要求 Review customer requirements B. 使用腦筋風(fēng)暴法來發(fā)現(xiàn)可能的原因 Brainstorm and anize possible causes C. 使用因果圖 (., cause and effect diagram) D. 試圖把原因分級(jí) Explore levels of cause E. 識(shí)別可能的原因 Identify probable causes F. 依原因的重要性對(duì)原因進(jìn)行排序； 如： 重要，較重要 Rank causes by correlation to effect: Strong, Moderate or Weak 2. 分析可能原因 Analyze Probable Causes A. 為可能原因準(zhǔn)備收集數(shù)據(jù) Select probable causes for data collection B. 決定收集方法 Determine collection method (., Checksheet) C. 收集，分析數(shù)據(jù)來識(shí)別根本原因 Collect / analyze / display data to identify root causes preventing the desired state” from being reached 一般性流程 Step 4: define and Verify Root Causes General Process 37 3. 選擇根本原因 Select Root Causes for Action A. 把根本原因按優(yōu)先級(jí)排序 Prioritize root causes B. 選擇根本原因展開工作 Select root cause(s) to work on C. 決定采取的措施是否在團(tuán)隊(duì)的工作范圍之內(nèi)，或需要新的外部資源 Determine if taking action is within the scope or the team or if additional resources need to be enlisted D. 設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證根本原因 Develop and implement experiments to test and validate root causes E. 修正根本原因 Revise problem statement (if required) 一般性流程 Step 4: define and Verify Root Causes General Process 38 因果圖 Cause and Effect Diagram ? 腦筋風(fēng)暴法 A structured form of Brainstorming ? 識(shí)別，探索和列出問題和可能的原因 Identify, explore, and display a problem (effect) and all possible causes 使用 Uses ?分析問題 Analysis of a problem ?指導(dǎo)討論 Guide for discussion ?圖解技術(shù)狀況 Illustrate level of technology ?評(píng)估流程 Evaluate knowledge of a process ?收集數(shù)據(jù) Collection of data ?學(xué)習(xí)工具 Education tool 最普通的原因類別 Most mon cause categories ?人，機(jī)，料，法，環(huán) People, machine, materials, methods, environment 因果圖 Step 4 define and Verify Root Causes Cause and Effect Analysis 39 Name: Date: Timeframe: Causes Material Method Environment Unavailable Didn’t Order Effect Not on bill (Current State) Missing Parts Training Set Up 人員 People 機(jī)器 Machine 因果圖 Step 4: I define and Verify Root Causes Cause and Effect Analysis 40 Name: Date: Timeframe: Causes Material Method Environment Unavailable A Didn’t Order Effect Not on bill (Current State) Missing Parts B C Training Set Up People Machine Relationship to Effect A= Strong B = Moderate C = Weak 因果圖 Step 4: define and Verify Root Causes Cause and Effect Analysis 41 團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng) Step 4: Define and Verify Root Causes Team Activity 目標(biāo) Goals 1. 使用腦筋風(fēng)暴法，因果圖找出可能的原因 ? Brainstorm the possible causes of the problem, using a cause and effect diagram 2. 對(duì)可能的原因排序并收集支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù) ? Rank the possible causes and collect supporting data 3. 選擇根本原因 ? Select the root cause target(s) 4. 如果需要，執(zhí)行測試來確認(rèn)根本原因 ? Run tests to confirm the root cause(s), if necessary 5. 如果需要，改變問題陳述 ? Revise the problem statement, if necessary 42 1. 問題陳述是否被評(píng)估 ? Has the problem statement been reviewed? 2. 可能的原因是否被識(shí)別 ? Have probable causes been identified? 3. 針對(duì)可能的原因是否收集相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù) ? Has data been collected on the probable causes? 4. 可能的根本原因是否排定優(yōu)先權(quán) ? Have root causes been prioritized and selected? 5. 潛在的根本原因是否被識(shí)別和澄清 Have potential corrective actions / solutions be