【正文】 iness media, but it is fueling a rebirth of growth in online business activity (DotCom Rebirth).21EC Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave (cont.)EC5 The Second Wave of Electronic CommercevEconomists Chris Freeman and Francisco Lou231。 Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called businesstobusiness (or B2B, sometimes called eprocurement)167。 a task performed by a worker in the course of doing his or her jobv Transaction 167。 Although the rapid expansion and high levels of investment of the boom years are not likely to be repeated, the second wave of electronic merce is well under way. 6EC ContentsElectronic merce and Electronic business12ECCategories of Electronic Commerce3 The Development and Growth of ECommerce45The dot boom, bust, and rebirthThe Second Wave of Electronic Commerce7EC Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave (cont.)1 Electronic merce and Electronic businessECuElectronic business (ebusiness)broader sense?Term used interchangeably with emerce?The transformation of key business processes through the use of Inter technologies（ IBM’s definition）uElectronic merce (emerce)narrower sense?shopping on the part of the Inter called the World Wide Web (the Web).?also includes many other activities, such as businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes that panies use to support their buying, selling, hiring, planning, and other activities.?Business activities conducted using electronic data transmission over the Inter and the World Wide Web.8EC2 Categories of Electronic Commerce1) Businesstobusiness (B2B):請(qǐng)看 中國(guó)新能源網(wǎng)2) Business processes:見(jiàn) Element of Electronic Commerce3) Businesstoconsumer (B2C):請(qǐng)看 當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng) (B2C)Five general emerce categories4) Businesstogovernment (B2G): 請(qǐng)看 握奇信安網(wǎng) (B2G)Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave (cont.)EC5) Consumertoconsumer (C2C): 請(qǐng)看 淘寶網(wǎng) (C2C)most monly used9ECGlossary v Activity167。 Consumer shopping on the Web, often called businesstoconsumer (or B2C)167。 establishing direct work connections to all trading partners or subscribing to a VAN.v Valueadded work (VAN)167。 B2B EC increasingly are integrated with radiofrequency identification (RFID) and biometric devices to manage information and product flows effectively167。 Many EC participants used slow inter connections167。 The idea that the key to success was simply to copy the business model of a successful dot business led the way to many business failures, some of them quite dramatic. 167。 It‘s features have bee standardized and well known167。 virtual munity is a gathering of people who share a mon interest, but instead of this gathering occurring in the physical world, it takes place on the Inter. v Using emerce sales support and ordertaking processes, a business can:167。 Cost of information search and acquisition 167。 The employee’s transaction costs include a mitment to forego other employment and career development opportunities. 167。 Relationships created within the work economic structure51EC Network Economic Structures (continued)vVirtual panies167。 Multiple business units owned by a mon set of shareholdersvIndustry167。 As they examine their industry value chains, many managers are finding that they can use electronic merce and Inter technologies to reduce costs, improve product quality, reach new customers or suppliers, and create new ways of selling existing products.167。 Human resource management and financing 57EC58EC Industry Value ChainsvValue system — Porter167。 Example： hamburger consumervNetwork effect167。 the employee cannot transfer the investment to a new job.167。 Improving the flow of information167。 Perishable foods 167。 High valuetoweight ratio ? Can help by making overall shipping cost a small fraction of the selling price? An airline ticket is an excellent example of an item that has a high valuetoweight ratio.? Expensive jewelry has a high valuetoweight ratio, but many people are reluctant to buy it without examining it in person unless the jewelry is sold under a wellknown brand name and with a generous return policy.vA product that has a strong brand identity—such as a Kodak camera—is easier to sell on the Web than an unbranded item, because the brand’s reputation reduces the buyer’s concerns about quality when buying that item sight unseen. vOther items that are well suited to electronic merce are those that appeal to small(銷量不大 ), but geographically dispersed groups of customers. Collectible ic books are an example of this type of product.31ECv When personal selling skills are a factor, as in mercial real estate sales, or when the condition of the products is difficult to determine without making a personal inspection, as in purchases of highfashion clothing, antiques, or perishable food products, traditional merce or a bination of traditional merce (for the inspection) and electronic merce can be a better way to sell the items or services.v A bination of electronic and traditional merce strategies works best when the business process includes both modity and personal inspection elements. 167。 A specific collection of business processes used to: ? Identify customers? Market to those customers? Generate sales to those customers167。 Widespread piracy due to ineffective distribution of digital products167。 Realize that firstmover advantage leads to success only for some panies in certain specific markets and industriesv the first wave:167。 Global enterprises in many countries are participating in electronic merce167。 It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other panies on the Web (B2B).167。 A transaction always has one or more activities associated with it, but an activity might not be related to a transaction.v Busine